Image coding method and apparatus, and image decoding method and apparatus

ABSTRACT

An image coding method and apparatus, and an image decoding method and apparatus are provided. In the coding method, a scanning manner parameter of a coding block is determined, and the scanning manner parameter may include at least one of: a region indication parameter used for determining a scanning region of the coding block and a scanning indication parameter used for determining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region of the coding block; predicted values of part or all of pixels in the coding block are determined according to the scanning manner parameter; and the coding block is coded according to the predicted values, and a coding result is written into a bitstream.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, andparticularly to an image (or picture) coding method and apparatus, andan image (or picture) decoding method and apparatus.

BACKGROUND

Along with development of resolutions of televisions and displays intoultra high definition (4K) and extra ultra high definition (8K) anddevelopment and popularization of a new-generation cloud computing andinformation processing mode and platform adopting a remote desktop as atypical representation form, there is a requirement for applying videoimage data compression to a higher-resolution composite image includinga computer screen image and an image shot by a camera. An ultra highcompression rate and extremely high-quality data compression technologyfor a video image becomes indispensable.

Performing ultra high efficiency compression on a video image by fullyutilizing characteristics of a 4K/8K image (or picture) and a computerscreen image (or picture) is also a main objective of a latestinternational video compression standard High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC) under formulation and a plurality of other internationalstandards, national standards and industrial standards.

A natural form of a digital video signal is a sequence of images (orpictures). An image is usually a rectangular region formed by aplurality of pixels. A digital video signal, which is sometimes calledas a video sequence or a sequence for short, is formed by dozens of andeven tens of thousands of frames of images (or pictures). Coding adigital video signal is to code each image. At any time, the image whichis being coded is called as a current coding image. Similarly, decodinga video bitstream, which is sometimes called as a bitstream or a streamfor short, obtained by compressing the digital video signal is to decodea bitstream of each image. At any time, the image which is being decodedis called as a current decoding image. The current coding image or thecurrent decoding image may be collectively called as a current image.

In almost all international standards for video image coding such asMoving Picture Experts Group (MPEG-1/2/4) H.264/Advanced Video Coding(AVC) and HEVC, when an image is being coded (and correspondingly beingdecoded), the image may be partitioned into a plurality of sub-imageswith M×M pixels, called as coding blocks (which are decoding blocks fromthe point of decoding, collectively called as coding and decodingblocks) or “Coding Units (CUs)”, and the blocks of the image are codedone by one by taking a CU as a basic coding unit. M may be usually 4, 8,16, 32 or 64. Therefore, coding a video sequence is to sequentially codeCUs of images one by one. At any time, a CU which is being coded iscalled as a current coding CU. Similarly, decoding a bitstream of avideo image sequence is to sequentially decode CUs of images to finallyreconstruct the whole video sequence. At any time, a CU which is beingdecoded is called as a current decoding CU. The current coding CU or thecurrent decoding CU may be collectively called as a current CU.

In order to achieve adaptability to differences of contents andproperties of different image parts in an image and pertinently and mosteffectively perform coding, sizes of different CUs in the image may bedifferent, for example, some CUs may have a size of 8×8, while some CUsmay have a size of 64×64. In order to seamlessly splice CUs withdifferent sizes, an image may usually be partitioned into “LargestCoding Units (LCUs)” with completely the same size of, e.g., N×N pixels,at first, and then each LCU may be further partitioned into multipletree-structured CUs of which sizes may not be the same. Therefore, theLCUs may also be called as “Coding Tree Units (CTUs)”. For example, animage may be partitioned into LCUs with completely the same size of,e.g., 64×64 pixels (N=64) at first. Among these LCUs, a certain LCU maybe formed by three CUs with 32×32 pixels and four CUs with 16×16 pixels,and in such a manner, the seven tree-structured CUs may form a completeCTU. Another LCU may be formed by two CUs with 32×32 pixels, three CUswith 16×16 pixels and twenty CUs with 8×8 pixels, and in such a manner,the 25 tree-structured CUs may form a complete CTU. Coding an image isto sequentially code CUs in CTUs. In the international standard HEVC,LCU and CTU are synonyms. A CU of which a size is equal to that of a CTUis called as a CU with a depth 0. CUs obtained by equally partitioning aCU with the depth 0 into quarters, respectively being upper, lower, leftand right parts of this CU, are called as CUs with a depth 1. CUsobtained by equally partitioning a CU with the depth 1 into quarters,respectively being upper, lower, left and right parts of this CU, arecalled as CUs with a depth 2. CUs obtained by equally partitioning a CUwith the depth 2 into quarters, respectively being upper, lower, leftand right parts of this CU, are called as CUs with a depth 3. Thesub-regions may include, but not limited to, one or more PredictionUnits (PUs), one or more Transform Units (TUs) and one or moreAsymmetric Motion Partitioning (AMP) regions.

Pixel representation formats may include the following formats.

1) A colour pixel usually consists of three components. Two most commonpixel colour formats include a Green, Blue and Red (GBR) colour formatconsisting of a green component, a blue component and a red component,and a YUV colour format, consisting of a luma component and two chromacomponents. Colour formats collectively called as YUV colour formats mayactually include multiple colour formats, such as a YCbCr colour format.Therefore, when a CU is coded, one CU may be partitioned into threecomponent planes (a G plane, a B plane and an R plane, or a Y plane, a Uplane and a V plane). The three component planes may be codedrespectively; alternatively, the three components of each pixel may bebundled and combined into a triple, and the CU formed by these triplesmay be coded in its entirety. The former pixel and component arrangementmanner is called as a planar format of an image (and its CUs), while thelatter pixel and component arrangement manner is called as a packedformat of the image (and its CUs). A GBR colour format and a YUV colourformat of a pixel are both three-component representation formats of thepixel.

2) Besides a three-component representation format of a pixel, anothercommon representation format of the pixel is a palette indexrepresentation format. In the palette index representation format, anumerical value of one pixel may be represented by an index of apalette. Numerical values or approximate numerical values of threecomponents of the pixel to be represented are stored in a palette space,and an address in the palette is called as an index of the pixel storedin the address. One index may represent one component of a pixel, andone index may alternatively represent three components of a pixel. Theremay be one or more palettes. Under the condition that there are multiplepalettes, a complete index may be formed by two parts, i.e. a palettenumber and an index of the palette with the palette number. An indexrepresentation format of a pixel is to represent the pixel with anindex. The index representation format of the pixel is also called as anindexed color or pseudo color representation format of the pixel, or isusually directly called as an indexed pixel or a pseudo pixel or a pixelindex or an index. An index may also be called as an index numbersometimes. Representing a pixel in an index representation format mayalso be called as indexing or indexation.

3) Other common pixel representation formats include a CMYKrepresentation format and a grayscale representation format.

According to whether to perform down-sampling on a chroma component ornot, a YUV colour format may also be subdivided into a plurality ofsub-formats, for example, a YUV4:4:4 pixel colour format under which onepixel is formed by one Y component, one U component and one V component;a YUV4:2:2 pixel colour format under which two horizontally adjacentpixels are formed by two Y components, one U component and one Vcomponent; and a YUV4:2:0 pixel colour format under which fourhorizontally and vertically adjacent pixels arranged according to 2×2spatial positions are formed by four Y components, one U component andone V component. One component is usually represented by a numberrepresented by 8-16 bits. The YUV4:2:2 pixel colour format and theYUV4:2:0 pixel colour format are both obtained by executingdown-sampling of chroma component on the YUV4:4:4 pixel colour format.One pixel component may also be called as one pixel sample, or may besimply called as one sample.

A most basic element during coding or decoding may be one pixel, mayalternatively be one pixel component, and may alternatively be one pixelindex (i.e. indexed pixel). One pixel or pixel component or indexedpixel adopted as the most basic element for coding or decoding maycollectively be called as one pixel sample, and sometimes may also becollectively called as one pixel value or simply called as one sample.

An outstanding characteristic of a computer screen image is that theremay usually be many similar and even completely the same pixel patternsin the same image. For example, a Chinese or foreign characterfrequently appearing in a computer screen image may be formed by a fewbasic strokes, and many similar or the same strokes may be found in thesame image. A common menu, icon and the like in a computer screen imagemay also have many similar or the same patterns. Therefore, a codingtechnique usually adopted for image and video compression may includethe following copying techniques.

1) One copying technique is intraframe string copying, i.e. intraframestring matching or called as string matching or string copying or pixelstring copying. During pixel string copying, a current coding block orcurrent decoding block (called as a current block) may be partitionedinto multiple pixel sample strings with variable lengths. Here, thestring may refer to arranging pixel samples in a two-dimensional regionin any shape into a string of which a length is far larger than a width(for example, a string of which a width is one pixel sample while alength is 37 pixel samples; or a string of which a width is two pixelsamples while a length is 111 pixel samples, usually under, but notlimited to, the condition that the length is an independent coding ordecoding parameter while the width is a parameter which is predeterminedor derived from another coding or decoding parameter). A basic operationof string copying coding or decoding is to copy a reference string froma reconstructed reference pixel sample set for each coding string ordecoding string (called as a current string for short) in the currentblock and assign a numerical value of the reference string to thecurrent string. A copying parameter of the string copying technique mayinclude: a displacement vector of the current string, which indicates arelative position between the reference string and the current string;and a copying length, i.e. copying size, of the current string whichindicates the length, i.e., the number of pixel samples, of the currentstring. The length of the current string is equal to a length of thereference string. One current string has one displacement vector and onecopying length. The number of displacement vectors and the number ofcopying lengths are equal to the number of strings into which a currentblock is partitioned.

2) Another copying technique is palette index copying, i.e. palette orcalled as index copying. In palette coding and corresponding decodingprocess, one palette is constructed or acquired at first, then part orall of pixels of a current coding block or current decoding block(called as a current block for short) are represented with an index ofthe palette, and then the index is coded and decoded. The index may becoded or decoded in, but not limited to, the following manner. An indexof a current block may be partitioned into multiple variable-lengthindex strings for index string copying coding and decoding. A basicoperation of index string copying coding and decoding is to copy areference index string from an indexed reconstructed reference pixelsample set for each index coding string or index decoding string (calledas a current index string for short) in the current block and assign anindex numerical value of the reference index string to a current indexstring. A copying parameter of the index string copying technique mayinclude a displacement vector of the current index string, whichindicates a relative position between the reference index string and thecurrent index string; and a copying length, i.e. copying size, of thecurrent index string, which indicates the length, i.e. the number ofcorresponding pixel samples, of the current index string. The length ofthe current index string is equal to a length of the reference indexstring. One current index string has one displacement vector and onecopying length. The number of displacement vectors and the number ofcopying lengths are equal to the number of index strings into which acurrent block is partitioned.

3) Still another copying technique is a mixed copying technique mixingpixel string copying and index copying. When a current coding block orcurrent decoding block (called as a current block for short) is beingcoded or decoded, a pixel string copying technique may be adopted forpart or all of pixels, and an index copying technique may be adopted forpart or all of the pixels.

4) Other copying techniques further include a block copying technique, amicro-block copying technique, a strip copying technique, a rectangularcopying technique, a mixed copying technique mixing a plurality ofcopying techniques, and the like.

Here, a block in the block copying technique, a micro-block in themicro-block copying technique, a strip in the strip copying technique, astring in the string copying technique, a rectangle in the rectangularcopying technique and a pixel index string in the palette index mannermay be collectively called as pixel sample segments, or called as samplesegments for short. A basic element of a sample segment may be a pixelor a pixel component or a pixel index. One sample segment has onecopying parameter for representing a relationship between a currentpixel sample segment and a reference pixel sample segment. One copyingparameter may include a plurality of copying parameter components. Thecopying parameter components may at least include: a displacement vectorhorizontal component, a displacement vector vertical component, acopying length, a copying width, a copying height, a rectangle width, arectangle length and an unmatched pixel (also called as a reference-freepixel, i.e. a non-copying pixel which is not copied from another place).

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary scanning manner. At present, during scanning,a complete row (or column) is scanned, and after the complete row (orcolumn) is scanned, a next row (or column) is scanned. Therefore, in arelated coding/decoding technology, an image may be scanned only in afixed manner at present, which may greatly influence image codingcompression efficiency and image decoding decompression efficiency.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an image codingmethod and apparatus and an image decoding method and apparatus, whichmay at least solve a problem of lower efficiency caused by scanning onlyin a fixed manner in the related coding/decoding technology.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an image codingmethod is provided, which may include the following acts. A scanningmanner parameter of a coding block may be determined, and the scanningmanner parameter may include at least one of: a region indicationparameter used for determining a scanning region of the coding block anda scanning indication parameter used for determining a scanning order ofpixels in a scanning region of the coding block. Predicted values ofpart or all of pixels in the coding block may be determined according tothe scanning manner parameter. The coding block may be coded accordingto the predicted values, and a coding result may be written into abitstream.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block may include the following acts. Acharacteristic parameter of pixel samples in the coding block and/orpixel samples in an adjacent region of the coding block may beextracted. The scanning manner parameter of the coding block may bedetermined according to the characteristic parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of extracting the characteristicparameter of the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block may includeextracting a texture characteristic of the pixel samples in the codingblock and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the codingblock, and the characteristic parameter may include the texturecharacteristic. The act of determining the scanning manner parameter ofthe coding block according to the characteristic parameter may includedetermining the scanning manner parameter of the coding block accordingto the texture characteristic.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of extracting the texturecharacteristic of the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block may include thefollowing acts. Filtering processing may be performed on the pixelsamples in the coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacentregion of the coding block. The texture characteristic may be extractedaccording to a filtering processing result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of performing the filteringprocessing on the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block may includeperforming edge detection filtering on the pixel samples in the codingblock and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the codingblock.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include determining the region indication parameter in the scanningmanner parameter according to the texture characteristic to obtain thescanning region of the coding block. In the exemplary embodiment, thescanning region of the coding block may include at least one of thefollowing conditions: the coding block may be determined as one scanningregion, and the coding block may be partitioned into multiple scanningregions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the region indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter according to the texturecharacteristic to obtain the scanning region of the coding block mayinclude the following acts. It may be judged whether a texture directionindicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with a boundaryof the coding block or not. When the texture direction is intersectedwith the boundary of the coding block, the coding block may bepartitioned into multiple scanning regions in a horizontal or verticaldirection by taking a position of an intersection of the texturedirection and the boundary of the coding block as an origin. When thetexture direction is not intersected with the boundary of the codingblock, the coding block may be determined as one scanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of partitioning the coding blockinto the multiple scanning regions in the horizontal or verticaldirection by taking the position of the intersection of the texturedirection and the boundary of the coding block as the origin may includeone of the following acts. When the texture direction is intersectedwith a horizontal boundary of the coding block, the coding block may bepartitioned into multiple scanning regions in the vertical directionperpendicular to the horizontal boundary by taking a position of anintersection of the texture direction and the boundary of the codingblock as an origin. When the texture direction is intersected with avertical boundary of the coding block, the coding block may bepartitioned into multiple scanning regions in the horizontal directionperpendicular to the vertical boundary by taking a position of anintersection of the texture direction and the boundary of the codingblock as an origin.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following act. The scanning indication parameter in thescanning manner parameter may be set according to a texture directionindicated by the texture characteristic. In this exemplary embodiment,the scanning indication parameter may indicate the scanning order of thepixels in the scanning region of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the characteristic parametermay include the following acts. Correlation of the pixel samples in thescanning region of the coding block may be acquired, and the correlationmay include at least one of: row correlation and column correlation. Thecorrelation of the pixel samples may be compared. The scanning order ofthe pixels in the scanning region of the coding block may be determinedaccording to a comparison result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning order ofthe pixels in the scanning region of the coding block according to thecomparison result may include the following act. A scanning orderindicated by a maximum correlation in the comparison result may be setas the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the predicted valuesof part or all of the pixels in the coding block according to thescanning manner parameter may include the following acts. Referencevalues of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in the codingblock may be determined as the predicted values. Combinations of thepixel samples of part or all of the pixels in the coding block may bedetermined according to the scanning manner parameter, and combinationsof the reference values corresponding to the combinations of the pixelsamples may be determined as the predicted values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning region, indicated by the regionindication parameter, of the coding block may include at least one ofthe following conditions: the coding block may be determined as onescanning region, and the coding block may be partitioned into multiplescanning regions. The scanning order, indicated by the scanningindication parameter, of the pixels in the scanning region of the codingblock may include at least one of: a horizontal Z-shaped scanning order,a vertical Z-shaped scanning order, a horizontal arched scanning order,a vertical arched scanning order, a raster scanning order, a Zigzagscanning order, a saw-toothed scanning order, a diagonal Z-shapedscanning order and a diagonal arched scanning order.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of writing the coding result intothe bitstream may include the following act. The coding result and thescanning manner parameter may be written into one or more data units inthe bitstream according to a predetermined format. In this exemplaryembodiment, the data units may include at least one of: a videoparameter set, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, aslice header, a CTU, a CU and a data unit where the coding block islocated.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an image decodingmethod is provided, which may include the following acts. A bitstreammay be parsed to acquire a decoding parameter of a decoding block. Ascanning manner parameter may be acquired according to the decodingparameter, and the scanning manner parameter may include: a regionindication parameter used for determining a scanning region of thedecoding block, and/or a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region.Reconstructed values of part or all of pixels in the decoding block maybe determined according to the region indication parameter and/or thescanning indication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include the followingact. The region indication parameter and/or scanning indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter may be acquired from thedecoding parameter to obtain the scanning region of the decoding block.In this exemplary embodiment, the scanning region of the decoding blockmay include at least one of the following conditions: the decoding blockmay be determined as one scanning region, and the decoding block may bepartitioned into multiple scanning regions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include the followingacts. A characteristic parameter of pixel samples in an adjacent regionof the decoding block may be extracted, and the characteristic parametermay include a texture characteristic. The scanning manner parameter ofthe decoding block may be determined according to the texturecharacteristic.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of extracting the characteristicparameter of the adjacent region of the decoding block may include thefollowing acts. Filtering processing may be performed on reconstructedvalues of decoded pixels in the adjacent region of the decoding block.The texture characteristic may be extracted according to a filteringprocessing result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of performing the filteringprocessing on the reconstructed values of the decoded pixels in theadjacent region of the decoding block may include performing edgedetection filtering on the reconstructed values of the decoded pixels inthe adjacent region of the decoding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the decoding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following acts. It may be judged whether a texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with aboundary of the decoding block or not. When the texture direction isintersected with the boundary of the decoding block, the decoding blockmay be partitioned into multiple scanning regions in a horizontal orvertical direction by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the coding block as an origin.When the texture direction is not intersected with the boundary of thedecoding block, the decoding block may be determined as one scanningregion.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the decoding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following acts. The scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region of the decoding block may be set according to a texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include the followingacts. A mode indication parameter used for indicating a coding mode maybe acquired according to the decoding parameter. The scanning mannerparameter may be acquired from the mode indication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the reconstructedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block according tothe region indication parameter and/or the scanning indication parametermay include one of the following acts. Predicted values of part or allof the pixels in the decoding block may be acquired, and the predictedvalues may be determined as the reconstructed values. Predicted valuesand corresponding predicted difference values of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block may be acquired, and sum values ordifference values between the predicted values and the predicteddifference values may be determined as the reconstructed values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of acquiring the predicted values ofpart or all of the pixels in the decoding block may include thefollowing acts. Reference values of pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block may be determined as the predicted values.Combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in thedecoding block may be determined according to the scanning mannerparameter, and combinations of the reference values corresponding to thecombinations of the samples may be determined as the predicted values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning region, indicated by the regionindication parameter, of the decoding block may include at least one ofthe following conditions: the decoding block may be determined as onescanning region, and the decoding block may be partitioned into multiplescanning regions. The scanning order, indicated by the scanningindication parameter, of the pixels in the scanning region of the codingblock may include at least one of: a horizontal Z-shaped scanning order,a vertical Z-shaped scanning order, a horizontal arched scanning order,a vertical arched scanning order, a raster scanning order, a Zigzagscanning order, a saw-toothed scanning order, a diagonal Z-shapedscanning order and a diagonal arched scanning order.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of parsing the bitstream to acquirethe decoding parameter of the decoding block may include the followingact. The decoding parameter may be acquired from one or more data unitsin the bitstream. In this exemplary embodiment, the data units mayinclude at least one of: a video parameter set, a sequence parameterset, a picture parameter set, a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a dataunit where the decoding block is located.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an image codingapparatus is provided, which may include a first determination unit, asecond determination unit and a coding unit. The first determinationunit may be configured to determine a scanning manner parameter of acoding block, and the scanning manner parameter may include at least oneof: a region indication parameter used for determining a scanning regionof the coding block and a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region of thecoding block. The second determination unit may be configured todetermine predicted values of part or all of pixels in the coding blockaccording to the scanning manner parameter. The coding unit may beconfigured to code the coding block according to the predicted values,and write a coding result into a bitstream.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, an imagedecoding apparatus is provided, which may include a first acquisitionunit, a second acquisition unit and a determination unit. The firstacquisition unit may be configured to parse a bitstream to acquire adecoding parameter of a decoding block. The second acquisition unit maybe configured to acquire a scanning manner parameter according to thedecoding parameter, and the scanning manner parameter may include: aregion indication parameter used for determining a scanning region ofthe decoding block, and/or a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region. Thedetermination unit may be configured to determine reconstructed valuesof part or all of pixels in the decoding block according to the regionindication parameter and/or the scanning indication parameter.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the scanningmanner parameter of the coding block may be determined, and the scanningmanner parameter may include at least one of: the region indicationparameter used for determining the scanning region of the coding blockand the scanning indication parameter used for determining the scanningorder of the pixels in the scanning region of the coding block; thepredicted values of part or all of the pixels in the coding block may bedetermined according to the scanning manner parameter; and the codingblock may be coded according to the predicted values, and the codingresult may be written into the bitstream.

According to some other embodiments of the present disclosure, thebitstream may be parsed to acquire the decoding parameter of thedecoding block; the scanning manner parameter may be acquired accordingto the decoding parameter, where the scanning manner parameter mayinclude: the region indication parameter used for determining thescanning region of the decoding block, and/or the scanning indicationparameter used for determining the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region; and the reconstructed values of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block may be determined according to the regionindication parameter and/or the scanning indication parameter.

That is, scanning coding/decoding may be performed on thecoding/decoding block by adopting a split scanning manner, therebypartitioning the coding/decoding block into smaller scanning regions toachieve an effect of improving coding compression efficiency anddecoding decompression efficiency and further solve a problem of lowerefficiency caused by scanning only in a fixed manner in a codingtechnology.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings described here are adopted to provide a furtherunderstanding to the present disclosure, and form a part of the presentdisclosure. Schematic embodiments of the present disclosure anddescriptions thereof are adopted to explain the present disclosure andnot intended to form limits to the present disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary scanning manner;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary image coding method according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fifth exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sixth exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a seventh exemplary scanning manneraccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an exemplary image decoding method accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary image coding apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary image decoding apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The present disclosure will be described below in detail with referenceto the drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be notedthat the embodiments in the present disclosure and characteristics inthe embodiments may be combined without conflicts.

It should be noted that terms in the specification, claims and drawingsof the present disclosure are not intended to form improper limits tothe present disclosure. The embodiments in the present disclosure andthe characteristics in the embodiments may be combined withoutconflicts.

First Embodiment

The embodiment provides an image coding method. FIG. 2 is a flowchart ofan exemplary image coding method according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the flow includes the followingacts S202 to S206.

At act S202, a scanning manner parameter of a coding block may bedetermined. The scanning manner parameter may include at least one of: aregion indication parameter used for determining a scanning region ofthe coding block and a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region of thecoding block.

At act S204, predicted values of part or all of pixels in the codingblock may be determined according to the scanning manner parameter.

At act S206, the coding block may be coded according to the predictedvalues, and a coding result may be written into a bitstream.

In an exemplary embodiment, the image coding method may be applied to,but not limited to, a video image coding process, and for example, maybe applied to, but not limited to, a packed-format image coding orcomponent planar-format image coding process. In a process of coding avideo image, split scanning may be performed on a coding block to becoded according to an indication of a determined scanning mannerparameter, and the coding block may be written into a video bitstream.That is, the coding block may be split into K scanning regions forscanning according to a corresponding scanning order, so as to solve aproblem of lower efficiency caused by adoption of a fixed scanningmanner for row (or column) scanning and further achieve an effect ofimproving compression efficiency in the image coding process. In someembodiment, K may meet the following condition: 1<K<16. K=1 represents1-split, i.e. non-split or called as single-split. K>1 representsmulti-split, i.e. split scanning.

In the embodiment, the scanning manner parameter of the coding block maybe determined when the coding block to be coded is coded. The scanningmanner parameter may include at least one of: the region indicationparameter used for determining the scanning region of the coding blockand the scanning indication parameter used for determining the scanningorder of the pixels in the scanning region of the coding block. Thepredicted values of part or all of the pixels in the coding block may bedetermined according to the determined scanning manner parameter. Thecoding block may be coded according to the predicted values, and thecoding result may be written into the bitstream. That is, scanningcoding may be performed on the coding block by adopting a split scanningmanner, and the coding result may be written into the video bitstream.In the embodiment, the coding block may be partitioned into smallerscanning regions to achieve the effect of improving coding efficiency.

In the embodiment, it should be noted that “pixel sample”, “pixelvalue”, “sample”, “indexed pixel” and “pixel index” are synonyms, andwhether these terms represent a “pixel” or “a pixel component” or an“indexed pixel”, or represent any one of the three should be clear to askilled in the art based on the context. If this information cannot beclearly determined based on the context, any one of the three isrepresented.

In addition, the coding block may be a region formed by a plurality ofpixel values. A shape of the coding block may include, but not limitedto, at least one of the following shapes: a rectangle, a square, aparallelogram, a trapezoid, a polygon, a round, an ellipse or any othershape. Herein, the rectangle may also include a rectangle of which awidth or height is one pixel, that is, a rectangle which is degeneratedinto a line (i.e. a line segment or a line shape). In the embodiment, inone image, each coding block may have a different shape and size. Inaddition, in one image, some or all of coding blocks may have mutuallyoverlapped parts, or none of the coding blocks may be overlapped.Furthermore, one coding block may be formed by “pixels”, or by“components of the pixels”, or by “indexed pixels”, or by mixture of thethree, and may alternatively be formed by mixture of any two of thethree, which will not be limited in the embodiment. From the point ofvideo image coding, a coding block may refer to a region which is codedin an image, for example, including, but not limited to, at least oneof: an LCU, a CTU, a CU, a sub-region of the CU, a PU or a TU.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region may include at least one of: a horizontal Z-shapedscanning order, a vertical Z-shaped scanning order, a horizontal archedscanning order, a vertical arched scanning order, a raster scanningorder, a Zigzag scanning order, a saw-toothed scanning order, a diagonalZ-shaped scanning order and a diagonal arched scanning order.

In an exemplary embodiment, a scanning manner may include, but notlimited to, at least one of: 2-split, 4-split, 8-split and 16-split. Ina multi-split process, scanning orders of different scanning regions maybe the same, or may be different, which will not be limited in theembodiment.

For example, FIG. 3 shows four kinds of optional scanning indicated bythe scanning manner parameter: 1) horizontal Z-shaped 2-split scanningperformed on the coding block; 2) horizontal Z-shaped 4-split scanningperformed on the coding block; 3) vertical Z-shaped 2-split scanningperformed on the coding block; and 4) vertical Z-shaped 4-split scanningperformed on the coding block. For another example, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9show multiple kinds of optional scanning obtained by combining differentscanning manners and different scanning orders and indicated by thescanning manner parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block may be achieved in one of the followingmanners.

1) A characteristic parameter of pixel samples in the coding blockand/or pixel samples in an adjacent region of the coding block may beextracted. The scanning manner parameter of the coding block may bedetermined according to the characteristic parameter.

2) A scanning manner parameter capable of achieving optimal codingefficiency of the coding block in candidate scanning manner parametersof the coding block may be set as the scanning indication parameter ofthe coding block.

Optionally, in the manner 1) of the embodiment, a texturecharacteristic, but not limited thereto, of the pixel samples in thecoding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of thecoding block may be extracted, so as to implement determination of thescanning manner parameter according to the texture characteristic. Inthe embodiment, the characteristic parameter may include the texturecharacteristic. In the manner 2) of the embodiment, the candidatescanning manner parameters may represent, but not limited to, alloptional scanning manner parameters, and coding efficiency of thesescanning manner parameters in a coding process may be sequentiallycompared, so as to set the scanning manner parameter capable ofachieving the optimal coding efficiency as the final scanning mannerparameter of the image coding block. For example, maximum codingefficiency may be determined by virtue of an existing rate distortionoptimization method.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, a pixel may indicate aminimum display unit of an image, and there may be one (such asmonochromic grayscale image) or three (such as RGB and YUV) effectivesampling values, i.e. pixel samples, at one pixel position. In theembodiment, pixels may be used to describe positions, and pixel samplesmay be used to describe and process sampling values at pixel positions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following acts.

1) The region indication parameter in the scanning manner parameter maybe determined according to the texture characteristic to obtain thescanning region of the coding block. In the embodiment, the scanningregion of the coding block may include at least one of the followingconditions: the coding block may be determined as one scanning region,and the coding block may be partitioned into multiple scanning regions.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the coded scanning regionmay be determined by, but not limited to, judging whether a texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with aboundary of the coding block or not. For example, the coding block maybe partitioned into multiple scanning regions in a directionperpendicular to the boundary when the texture direction is intersectedwith the boundary of the coding block. Here, partitioning directions ofthe multiple scanning regions may alternatively be determined accordingto, but not limited to, the texture characteristic (i.e. texturedirection) of image content in the coding block, for example,partitioning directions of the multiple scanning regions may beconsistent with the texture direction.

2) The scanning indication parameter in the scanning manner parametermay be set according to a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic. The scanning indication parameter may indicate thescanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning order may include, but notlimited to, at least one of the following conditions:

(1) the texture direction may be set as the scanning order of the pixelsin the scanning region of the coding block; and

(2) correlation of the pixel samples in the scanning region of thecoding block may be acquired, the correlation of the pixel samples maybe compared, and the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning regionof the coding block may be determined according to a comparison result.

It should be noted that, in the manner 2) of the embodiment, thecorrelation may include, but not limited to, at least one of: rowcorrelation and column correlation. The scanning order may be set in,but not limited to, a manner of setting a scanning order indicated by amaximum correlation in the comparison result as the scanning order ofthe pixels in the scanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the predicted valuesof part or all of the pixels in the coding block may include thefollowing acts. Reference values of the pixel samples of part or all ofthe pixels in the coding block may be determined as the predictedvalues. Combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixelsin the coding block may be determined according to the scanning mannerparameter, and combinations of the reference values corresponding to thecombinations of the pixel samples may be determined as the predictedvalues.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of writing the coding result intothe bitstream may include the following act. The coding result and thescanning manner parameter may be written into one or more data units inthe bitstream according to a predetermined format. The data units mayinclude at least one of: a video parameter set, a sequence parameterset, a picture parameter set, a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a dataunit where the coding block is located.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, coding the coding block mayrefer to performing compressed coding on original sampling values (alsocalled as pixel values in the embodiment) of the pixels in the codingblock, that is, the original sampling values (i.e. the pixel values) ofthe pixels in the coding block may be mapped (destructively) into aseries of parameters, and these parameters indicate a prediction methodadopted for the coding block, a construction method for the predictedvalues and predicted differences. In the embodiment of the presentdisclosure, since the split scanning manner may be adopted to performcoding scanning on the coding block, it may be suggested to codeinformation identifying the split scanning manner used for the codingblock, i.e. the scanning manner parameter, in the bitstream. Thereference values may also be called as reference samples.

That is, two-dimensional pixels in the coding block may be partitionedinto some columns of strings formed by the pixels continuously arrangedaccording to the scanning order according to the scanning mannerparameter, and these strings may be continuously arranged intotwo-dimensional pixel arrangement in the coding block according to thescanning order. Each string has its own matched string (i.e. predictedvalue), and the matched string of each string may be continuouslyarranged into the predicted values of the two-dimensional pixels in thecoding block according to the scanning order. The act of writing intothe bitstream may be implemented in the following manner. A referencenumerical value represented by an ordinary decimal numeral system may beconverted into a binary symbol string represented by bits 0 and 1, thebinary symbol string may be directly used as a bitstream, the binarysymbol string may alternatively be mapped into another new binary symbolstring by virtue of, for example, an arithmetic entropy coding method,and the new binary symbol string may be determined as the bitstream. Theembodiment has no limits for the specific manner adopted.

Descriptions will specifically be made in combination with the followingexample. A two-dimensional matrix in the coding block to be coded of theimage is as follows:

[ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP].

It should be noted that, if scanning is performed according to anexisting scanning manner, the two-dimensional matrix may be arrangedinto one-dimensional arrangement such as [ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP],[AEIMBFJNCGKODHLP], [ABCDHGFEIJKLPONM] or [AEIMNJFBCGKOPLHD]. That is,the existing fixed scanning manner may only perform the scanningaccording to the above four kinds of scanning arrangement.

While in the embodiment, the pixels which are freely continuouslyarranged may form strings according to a one-dimensional arrangementorder. Taking the one-dimensional arrangement is [ABCDHGFEIJKLPONM] asan example, the one-dimensional arrangement order may be partitionedinto four 4 strings, and positions of the four strings in thetwo-dimensional matrix may be as follows: string 1 [AB] (bold), string 2[CDHGF] (underlined), string 3 [EIJK] (italic) and string 4 [LPONM] (ina normal format):

[AB CD E FGH IJKL MNOP].

In a practical matched string expression process, it is only needed tosequentially point out four pieces of expression information [matchingposition 1, matching length=2], [matching position 2, matchinglength=5], [matching position 3, matching length=4] and [matchingposition 4, matching length=5]. During conformal matching, for stringsmarked as different formats in the above matrix, their respectivepixels, of which the number is equal to the matching length, may beextracted starting from a matching position according to scanningmanners of the respective strings to form matched strings of therespective strings. According to the above example, split scanning maybe performed on contents in scanning regions in the coding blockcorresponding to different formats according to different scanningorders.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, when thecoding block to be coded in the image is coded, the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block may be determined according to thecharacteristic parameter extracted from the coding block. The scanningmanner parameter may include at least one of: the region indicationparameter used for indicating that the coding block is partitioned intoone or more scanning regions and the scanning indication parameter usedfor indicating the scanning order for scanning the coding block. Thecoding block in the image may be scanned according to the determinedscanning manner parameter, and the predicted values of part or all ofthe pixels in the coding block may be determined. Furthermore, thecoding block may be coded according to the predicted values, and thecoding result may be written into the bitstream. That is, scanningcoding may be performed on the coding block by adopting the splitscanning manner, and the coding result may be written into the videobitstream. In the embodiment, the coding block may be partitioned intosmaller scanning regions to achieve the effect of improving the codingefficiency and further solve a problem of lower efficiency caused byscanning only in the fixed manner in a coding technology.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block may include the following acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, a characteristic parameter of pixel samples in the codingblock and/or pixel samples in an adjacent region of the coding block maybe extracted.

At act S2, the scanning manner parameter of the coding block may bedetermined according to the characteristic parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of extracting the characteristicparameter of the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block may include thefollowing act S12. At act S12, a texture characteristic of the pixelsamples in the coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacentregion of the coding block may be extracted. In the embodiment, thecharacteristic parameter may include the texture characteristic. The actof determining the scanning manner parameter of the coding blockaccording to the characteristic parameter may include the following actS22. At act S22, the scanning manner parameter of the coding block maybe determined according to the texture characteristic. In an exemplaryembodiment, the act of determining the scanning manner parameter of thecoding block according to the texture characteristic may include, butnot limited to: determining partitioning, indicated by the regionindication parameter, of the coding block into one or more scanningregions and the scanning order, indicated by the scanning indicationparameter, for scanning the coding block.

According to an embodiment provided by the present disclosure, a texturecharacteristic of image content of the coding block may be extracted,and an optimal scanning manner parameter may be determined based on atexture characteristic of the image, so that coding compressionefficiency of the coding block may be further improved.

As an exemplary solution, the act of extracting the texturecharacteristic of the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block may include thefollowing acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, filtering processing may be performed on the pixel samples inthe coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of thecoding block.

At act S2, the texture characteristic may be extracted according to afiltering processing result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of performing the filteringprocessing on the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block may include thefollowing act S12.

At act S12, edge detection filtering may be performed on the pixelsamples in the coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacentregion of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the edge detection filtering serves as oneimplementation means, and the embodiment has no limits on theimplementation means for acquisition of the texture characteristic inthe embodiment. Therefore, whether to partition the coding block intoscanning regions or not may be determined according to edge information.Furthermore, the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region maybe determined according to the texture characteristic extracted from adetection result.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following act S1.

At act S1, the region indication parameter in the scanning mannerparameter may be determined according to the texture characteristic toobtain the scanning region of the coding block. In the embodiment, thescanning region of the coding block may include at least one of thefollowing conditions: the coding block may be determined as one scanningregion, and the coding block may be partitioned into multiple scanningregions.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the coded scanning regionmay be determined by, but not limited to, judging whether the texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic is intersected withthe boundary of the coding block or not. For example, the coding blockmay be partitioned into multiple scanning regions in the directionperpendicular to the boundary when the texture direction is intersectedwith the boundary of the coding block. Here, the partitioning directionsof the multiple scanning regions may alternatively be determinedaccording to, but not limited to, the texture characteristic (i.e.texture direction) of the image content in the coding block, forexample, the multiple scanning regions may be consistent with thetexture direction.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, theregion indication parameter in the scanning manner parameter may bedetermined to implement split scanning of the coding block according tothe texture characteristic, thereby ensuring that split scanning may besimultaneously performed on different scanning regions in a process ofperforming scanning coding on the coding block and achieve the effect ofimproving the coding efficiency.

As an optional solution, the act of determining the region indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter according to the texturecharacteristic to obtain the scanning region of the coding block mayinclude the following acts S1 to S3.

At act S1, whether a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic is intersected with a boundary of the coding block or notmay be judged.

At act S2, when the texture direction is intersected with the boundaryof the coding block, the coding block may be partitioned into multiplescanning regions in a horizontal or vertical direction by taking aposition of an intersection of the texture direction and the boundary ofthe coding block as an origin.

At act S3, when the texture direction is not intersected with theboundary of the coding block, the coding block may be determined as onescanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of partitioning the coding blockinto the multiple scanning regions in the horizontal or verticaldirection by taking the position of the intersection of the texturedirection and the boundary of the coding block as the origin may includethe following any one of the acts S22 and S24.

At act S22, when the texture direction is intersected with a horizontalboundary of the coding block, the coding block may be partitioned intomultiple scanning regions in the vertical direction perpendicular to thehorizontal boundary by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the coding block as an origin.

At act S24, when the texture direction is intersected with a verticalboundary of the coding block, the coding block may be partitioned intomultiple scanning regions in the horizontal direction perpendicular tothe vertical boundary by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the coding block as an origin.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, for simplifying operations,split scanning may be performed on the coding block in, but not limitedto, the horizontal or vertical direction. In addition, in theembodiment, the multiple scanning regions may also be determinedaccording to, but not limited to, a practical texture direction of theimage content in the coding block. That is, multiple parallel scanningregions may be partitioned in a direction consistent with the texturedirection.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning region may be determined based on the judgment about whetherthe texture direction indicated by the texture characteristic isintersected with the boundary of the coding block or not. Not only mayconvenience for operation be ensured, but also the compressionefficiency of the coding block may be further ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following act S1.

At act S1, the scanning indication parameter in the scanning mannerparameter may be set according to a texture direction indicated by thetexture characteristic. The scanning indication parameter may indicatethe scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of the codingblock.

In an exemplary embodiment, during multi-split scanning, differentscanning regions may, but not limited to, adopt the same scanning order,and may alternatively adopt different mixed scanning orders. Forexample, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 are schematic diagrams of multiple kinds ofmixed scanning obtained by combining different scanning manners anddifferent scanning orders.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning order of the pixels in the one or more scanning regions in thecoding block may be set according to the texture direction, so that thescanning coding operations may be further simplified, and the codingefficiency may be ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the characteristic parametermay include the following acts S1 to S3.

At act S1, correlation of the pixel samples in the scanning region ofthe coding block may be acquired. The correlation may include at leastone of: row correlation and column correlation.

At act S2, the correlation of the pixel samples may be compared.

At act S3, the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region ofthe coding block may be determined according to a comparison result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning order ofthe pixels in the scanning region of the coding block according to thecomparison result may include the following act S32.

At act S32, a scanning order indicated by a maximum correlation in thecomparison result may be set as the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region.

It should be noted that the scanning order of the pixels in the scanningregion may be determined according to, but not limited to, the maximumcorrelation in the row correlation and/or column correlation of thepixels in the scanning region. Here, the embodiment has no limits on anacquisition manner for the correlation in the embodiment.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure,corresponding scanning order may be set for the scanning region, therebyimplementing adoption of diversified scanning orders for the codingblock to ensure maximization of the coding efficiency.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the predicted values ofpart or all of the pixels in the coding block according to the scanningmanner parameter may include the following acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, reference values of the pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the coding block may be determined as the predicted values.

At act S2, combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the coding block may be determined according to the scanningmanner parameter, and combinations of the reference values correspondingto the combinations of the pixel samples may be determined as thepredicted values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the combinations of the pixel samples mayinclude, but not limited to, multiple combinations, formed by differentscanning regions, of the pixel samples. The reference values may also becalled as reference samples.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, coding the coding block mayrefer to performing compressed coding on the original sampling values(also called as the pixel values in the embodiment) of the pixels in thecoding block, that is, the original sampling values (i.e. the pixelvalues) of the pixels in the coding block may be mapped (destructively)into a series of parameters, and these parameters indicate theprediction method adopted for the coding block, the construction methodfor the predicted values and the predicted differences. In theembodiment of the present disclosure, since the split scanning mannermay be adopted to perform coding scanning on the coding block, it may besuggested to code the information identifying the split scanning mannerused for the coding block, i.e. the scanning manner parameter, in thebitstream.

That is, the two-dimensional pixels in the coding block may bepartitioned into some columns of strings formed by the pixelscontinuously arranged according to the scanning order according to thescanning manner parameter, and these strings may be continuouslyarranged into the two-dimensional pixel arrangement in the coding blockaccording to the scanning order. Each string has its own matched string(i.e. predicted value), and the matched string of each string may becontinuously arranged into the predicted values of the two-dimensionalpixels in the coding block according to the scanning order. The act ofwriting into the bitstream may be implemented in the following manner. Areference numerical value represented by an ordinary decimal numeralsystem may be converted into a binary symbol string represented by bits0 and 1, the binary symbol string may be directly used as a bitstream,the binary symbol string may alternatively be mapped into another newbinary symbol string by virtue of, for example, an arithmetic entropycoding method, and the new binary symbol string may be determined as thebitstream. The embodiment has no limits for the specific manner adopted.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, at thesame time when split scanning is performed on the coding block, splitcoding may be performed on the coding block according to split contents,thereby further achieving the effect of improving the compressionefficiency in the coding process.

As an exemplary solution, the act of writing the coding result into thebitstream may include the following act S1.

At act S1, the coding result and the scanning manner parameter may bewritten into one or more data units in the bitstream according to apredetermined format. The data units may include at least one of: avideo parameter set, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set,a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a data unit where the coding block islocated.

It should be noted that coding may be configured in, but not limited to,at least one of the following manners: configuration with a coder,configuration according to a setting of a coder optimization module anddirect configuration in the coder optimization module with a fixedprecoding manner. The coder may adopt a method as follows. When a splitscanning manner of vertical splitting is used for an upper adjacentblock and a vertical edge of the upper adjacent block is intersectedwith a lower boundary of the upper adjacent block, it may be directlydeduced that the current block adopts the same split scanning mannerwith the upper adjacent block, that is, a precoding process for thecurrent coding block is eliminated, so that coding time may be saved,and the coding efficiency may be improved.

From the above descriptions about the implementation modes, thoseskilled in the art may clearly learn about that the method of theembodiment may be implemented in a manner of combining software and anecessary universal hardware platform, and of course, may also beimplemented through hardware, but the former one is a betterimplementation mode under many conditions. Based on such anunderstanding, the technical solutions of the present disclosuresubstantially or parts making contributions to the related technologymay be embodied in form of software product, and the computer softwareproduct is stored in a storage medium (such as a Read Only Memory(ROM)/Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk and an optical disk),including a plurality of instructions configured to enable a piece ofterminal equipment (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server,network equipment or the like) to execute the method of each embodimentof the present disclosure.

Second Embodiment

The embodiment provides an image decoding method. FIG. 10 is a flowchartof an exemplary image decoding method according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10, the flow includes the followingacts S1002 to S1006.

At act S1002, a bitstream may be parsed to acquire a decoding parameterof a decoding block.

At act S1004, a scanning manner parameter may be acquired according tothe decoding parameter. The scanning manner parameter may include: aregion indication parameter used for determining a scanning region ofthe decoding block, and/or a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region.

At act S1006, reconstructed values of part or all of pixels in thedecoding block may be determined according to the region indicationparameter and/or the scanning indication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the image decoding method may be applied to,but not limited to, a video image decoding process, and for example, maybe applied to, but not limited to, a packed-format image decoding orcomponent planar-format image decoding process. In a process of decodinga video image, split scanning is performed on a decoding block to bedecoded according to an indication of a determined scanning mannerparameter. That is, the decoding block may be split into K scanningregions for scanning according to a corresponding scanning order, so asto solve a problem of lower efficiency caused by adoption of a fixedscanning manner for row (or column) scanning and further achieve aneffect of improving decompression efficiency in the image decodingprocess. In some embodiment, K may meet the following condition: 1<K<16.K=1 represents 1-split, i.e. non-split or called as single-split. K>1represents multi-split, i.e. split scanning.

In the embodiment, when the decoding block to be decoded is decoded, thebitstream may be parsed to acquire the decoding parameter of thedecoding block to be decoded, and the scanning manner parameter of thedecoding block may be determined according to the decoding parameter.The scanning manner parameter may include the region indicationparameter used for determining the scanning region of the decoding blockand/or the scanning indication parameter used for determining thescanning order of the pixels in the scanning region. The reconstructedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block may bedetermined according to the scanning manner parameter and/or thescanning indication parameter. That is, scanning coding may be performedon the decoding block by adopting a split scanning manner, therebypartitioning the decoding block into smaller scanning regions to achievethe effect of improving decoding efficiency.

In the embodiment, it should be noted that “pixel sample”, “pixelvalue”, “sample”, “indexed pixel” and “pixel index” are synonyms, andwhether these terms represent a “pixel” or “a pixel component” or an“indexed pixel”, or represent any one of the three should be clear to askilled in the art based on the context. If this information cannot beclearly determined based on the context, any one of the three isrepresented.

In addition, the decoding block may be a region formed by a plurality ofpixel values. A shape of the decoding block may include, but not limitedto, at least one of the following shapes: a rectangle, a square, aparallelogram, a trapezoid, a polygon, a round, an ellipse or any othershape. Herein, the rectangle may also include a rectangle of which awidth or height is one pixel, that is, a rectangle which is degeneratedinto a line (i.e. a line segment or a line shape). In the embodiment, inone image, each decoding block may have a different shape and size. Inaddition, in one image, some or all of decoding blocks may have mutuallyoverlapped parts, or none of the decoding blocks may be overlapped.Furthermore, a decoding block may be formed by “pixels”, or by“components of the pixels”, or by “indexed pixels”, or by mixture of thethree, and may alternatively be formed by mixture of any two of thethree, which will not be limited in the embodiment. From the point ofvideo image decoding, a decoding block may refer to a region which isdecoded in an image, for example, including, but not limited to, atleast one of: an LCU, a CTU, a decoding unit, a sub-region of thedecoding unit, a PU or a TU.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region may include at least one of: a horizontal Z-shapedscanning order, a vertical Z-shaped scanning order, a horizontal archedscanning order, a vertical arched scanning order, a raster scanningorder, a Zigzag scanning order, a saw-toothed scanning order, a diagonalZ-shaped scanning order and a diagonal arched scanning order.

In an exemplary embodiment, a scanning manner may include, but notlimited to, at least one of: 2-split, 4-split, 8-split and 16-split. Ina multi-split process, scanning orders of different scanning regions maybe the same, or may be different, which will not be limited in theembodiment.

For example, FIG. 3 shows four kinds of optional scanning indicated bythe scanning manner parameter: 1) horizontal Z-shaped 2-split scanningis performed on the decoding block; 2) horizontal Z-shaped 4-splitscanning is performed on the decoding block; 3) vertical Z-shaped2-split scanning is performed on the decoding block; and 4) verticalZ-shaped 4-split scanning is performed on the decoding block. Foranother example, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 show multiple kinds of optionalscanning obtained by combining different scanning manners and differentscanning orders and indicated by the scanning manner parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, a manner of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include at least oneof:

1) acquiring the region indication parameter and/or scanning indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter from the decoding parameter;

2) extracting a characteristic parameter of pixel samples in an adjacentregion of the decoding block, and determining the scanning mannerparameter of the decoding block according to the texture characteristic;in the embodiment, the characteristic parameter may include a texturecharacteristic;

3) acquiring a mode indication parameter used for indicating a codingmode according to the decoding parameter, and acquiring the scanningmanner parameter from the mode indication parameter.

It should be noted that a manner of, after the bitstream is parsed toacquire the decoding parameter directly coded in the bitstream,acquiring the scanning manner parameter according to the decodingparameter may include at least one of: (1) parsing the bitstream todirectly obtain the region indication parameter and/or scanningindication parameter in the scanning manner parameter; (2) obtaining theregion indication parameter and/or scanning indication parameter in thescanning manner parameter in a deduction manner according to thecharacteristic parameter of the pixel samples in the adjacent region ofthe decoding block; and (3) adopting a “fixed binding” form for thescanning manner and some coding modes, namely acquiring the modeindication parameter used for indicating the coding mode according tothe decoding parameter, and when a mode marker is parsed from the modeindication parameter, using a region indication parameter and/orscanning indication parameter preset for the mode.

In addition, in the embodiment, a pixel may indicate a minimum displayunit of an image, and there may be one (such as monochromic grayscaleimage) or three (such as RGB and YUV) effective sampling values, i.e.pixel samples, at one pixel position. In the embodiment, pixels may beused to describe positions, and pixel samples may be used to describeand process sampling values at pixel positions.

Furthermore, in the manner 2), the decoded scanning region may bedetermined by, but not limited to, judging whether a texture directionindicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with a boundaryof the decoding block or not. For example, the decoding block may bepartitioned into multiple scanning regions in a direction perpendicularto the boundary when the texture direction is intersected with theboundary of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, a manner of determining the reconstructedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block according tothe region indication parameter and/or the scanning indication parametermay include:

1) acquiring predicted values of part or all of the pixels in thedecoding block, and determining the predicted values as thereconstructed values; or

2) acquiring predicted values and corresponding predicted differencevalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block, anddetermining sum values or difference values between the predicted valuesand the predicted difference values as the reconstructed values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the predicted valuesof part or all of the pixels in the decoding block may include:determining reference values of the pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block, and determining the reference values asthe predicted values; and determining combinations of the pixel samplesof part or all of the pixels in the decoding block according to thescanning manner parameter, and determining combinations of the referencevalues corresponding to the combinations of the pixel samples as thepredicted values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of parsing the bitstream to acquirethe decoding parameter of the decoding block may include: acquiring thedecoding parameter from one or more data units in the bitstream. Thedata units may include at least one of: a video parameter set, asequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, a slice header, a CTU,a CU and a data unit where the decoding block is located.

Descriptions will specifically be made in combination with the followingexample. For a bitstream obtained by coding a coding block adoptingstring matching coding, a decoding block may be partitioned intodifferent scanning regions in a decoding process, and split scanningcorresponding to a coding process may be used for each scanning region.For example, if elements in a two-dimensional matrix are arranged into aone-dimensional vector in the coding process according to an indicationof the scanning manner parameter, the decoding process may be consideredas an inverse process of coding, that is, elements in a one-dimensionalvector may be arranged into a two-dimensional matrix. A read-writeaddress control method may be adopted for practical code implementation.For example, two-dimensional pixels are as follows:

[ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP].

Then, the two-dimensional pixels may be converted into one-dimensionalarrangement [ABCDHGFEIJKLPONM] according to “arched 4-split scanning”indicated by the scanning manner parameter corresponding to the scanningmanner parameter used for the coding process, and a pseudo code forimplementation may be as follows:

int position[4][4]={0, 1, 2, 3 7, 6, 5, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 14, 13,12}; for (h=0; h<4; h++) for (w=0; w<4; w++)1D_array[position[h][w]]=2D_array[h][w].

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thebitstream may be parsed to acquire the decoding parameter of thedecoding block, and the scanning manner parameter may be acquiredaccording to the decoding parameter. The scanning manner parameter mayinclude the region indication parameter configured to the scanningregion of the decoding block and/or the scanning indication parameterused for determining the scanning order of the pixels in the scanningregion. The reconstructed values of part or all of the pixels in thedecoding block may be determined according to the region indicationparameter and/or the scanning indication parameter. That is, scanningdecoding may be performed on the decoding block by adopting the splitscanning manner, thereby partitioning the decoding block into smallerscanning regions to achieve the effect of improving the decodingefficiency and further solve a problem of lower efficiency caused byscanning only in the fixed manner in a decoding technology.

As an exemplary solution, the act of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include the followingact S1.

At act S1, the region indication parameter and/or scanning indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter may be acquired from thedecoding parameter to obtain the scanning region of the decoding block.The scanning region of the decoding block may include at least one ofthe following conditions: the decoding block is determined as onescanning region, and the decoding block is partitioned into multiplescanning regions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the decoding block may be determined as asingle-split scanning region, and the decoding block may alternativelybe partitioned into multi-split scanning regions.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the decoded scanning regionmay be determined by, but not limited to, judging whether the texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic in the characteristicparameter of the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the decodingblock is intersected with the boundary of the decoding block or not. Forexample, the decoding block may be partitioned into multiple scanningregions in the direction perpendicular to the boundary when the texturedirection is intersected with the boundary of the decoding block. Here,the partitioning directions of the multiple scanning regions mayalternatively be determined according to, but not limited to, thetexture characteristic (i.e. texture direction) of image content in thedecoding block, for example, the multiple scanning regions may beconsistent with the texture direction.

In an exemplary embodiment, the decoding scanning order in the decodingprocess may be a preset scanning order, and may alternatively be thescanning order indicated by the scanning manner parameter. Theembodiment has no limits for the scanning order.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, splitscanning may be performed on the decoding block according to the texturecharacteristic, thereby ensuring that split scanning may besimultaneously performed on different scanning regions in a process ofperforming scanning decoding on the decoding block and achieve theeffect of improving the decoding efficiency. In addition, correspondingscanning order may be set for the scanning region, thereby implementingadoption of diversified scanning orders for the decoding block to ensuremaximization of the decoding efficiency.

As an exemplary solution, the act of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include the followingacts S1 and S2.

At act S1, a characteristic parameter of pixel samples in an adjacentregion of the decoding block may be extracted. In the embodiment, thecharacteristic parameter may include a texture characteristic.

At act S2, the scanning manner parameter of the decoding block may bedetermined according to the texture characteristic.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, atexture characteristic of the image content of the coding block may beextracted, and an optimal scanning manner parameter may be determinedbased on a texture characteristic of the image, so that decodingdecompression efficiency of the decoding block is further improved.

As an exemplary solution, the act of extracting the characteristicparameter of the adjacent region of the decoding block may include thefollowing acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, filtering processing may be performed on reconstructed valuesof decoded pixels in the adjacent region of the decoding block; and

At act S2, the texture characteristic may be extracted according to afiltering processing result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of performing the filteringprocessing on the reconstructed values of the decoded pixels in theadjacent region of the decoding block may include the following act S12.

At act S12, edge detection filtering may be performed on thereconstructed values of the decoded pixels in the adjacent region of thedecoding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the edge detection filtering serves as oneimplementation means, and the embodiment has no limits on theimplementation means for acquisition of the texture characteristic inthe embodiment. Therefore, whether to partition the decoding block intoscanning regions or not may be determined according to edge information.Furthermore, the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region maybe determined according to the texture characteristic extracted from adetection result.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the decoding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following acts S1 to S3.

At act S1, whether a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic is intersected with a boundary of the decoding block ornot may be judged.

At act S2, when the texture direction is intersected with the boundaryof the decoding block, the decoding block may be partitioned intomultiple scanning regions in a horizontal or vertical direction bytaking a position of an intersection of the texture direction and theboundary of the coding block as an origin.

At act S3, when the texture direction is not intersected with theboundary of the decoding block, the decoding block may be determined asone scanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of partitioning the decoding blockinto the multiple scanning regions in the horizontal or verticaldirection by taking the position of the intersection of the texturedirection and the boundary of the decoding block as the origin mayinclude any one of the following acts S22 and S24.

At act S22, when the texture direction is intersected with a horizontalboundary of the decoding block, the decoding block may be partitionedinto multiple scanning regions in the vertical direction perpendicularto the horizontal boundary by taking a position of an intersection ofthe texture direction and the boundary of the decoding block as anorigin.

At act S24, when the texture direction is intersected with a verticalboundary of the decoding block, the decoding block may be partitionedinto multiple scanning regions in the horizontal direction perpendicularto the vertical boundary by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the decoding block as an origin.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, for simplifying operations,split scanning may be performed on the decoding block in, but notlimited to, the horizontal or vertical direction. In addition, in theembodiment, the multiple scanning regions may also be determinedaccording to, but not limited to, a practical texture direction of theimage content in the decoding block. That is, multiple parallel scanningregions may be partitioned in a direction consistent with the texturedirection.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning region may be determined based on the judgment about whetherthe texture direction indicated by the texture characteristic isintersected with the boundary of the decoding block or not. Not only mayconvenience for operation be ensured, but also the decompressionefficiency of the decoding block is further ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the decoding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following act S1.

At act S1, the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region ofthe decoding block may be set according to a texture direction indicatedby the texture characteristic.

In an exemplary embodiment, during multi-split scanning, differentscanning regions may, but not limited to, adopt the same scanning order,and may alternatively adopt different mixed scanning orders. Forexample, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 are schematic diagrams of multiple kinds ofmixed scanning obtained by combining different scanning manners anddifferent scanning orders.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning order of the pixels in the one or more scanning regions in thedecoding block is set according to the texture direction, so that thescanning decoding operations may be further simplified, and the decodingefficiency may be ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the act of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include the followingacts S1 and S2.

At act S1, a mode indication parameter used for indicating a coding modemay be acquired according to the decoding parameter.

At act S2, the scanning manner parameter may be acquired from the modeindication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, a “fixed binding” form may be adopted forthe scanning manner and some coding modes, that is, the mode indicationparameter used for indicating the coding mode may be acquired accordingto the decoding parameter, and the mode marker may be parsed from themode indication parameter by using the region indication parameterand/or scanning indication parameter preset for the mode.

As an exemplary solution, the act of determining the reconstructedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block according tothe region indication parameter and/or the scanning indication parametermay include any one of the following acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, predicted values of part or all of the pixels in the decodingblock may be acquired, and the predicted values may be determined as thereconstructed values.

At act S2, predicted values and corresponding predicted differencevalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block may beacquired, and sum values or difference values between the predictedvalues and the predicted difference values may be determined as thereconstructed values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the combinations of the pixel samples mayinclude, but not limited to, multiple combinations, formed by differentscanning regions, of the pixel samples. The reference values may also becalled as reference samples.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of acquiring the predicted values ofpart or all of the pixels in the decoding block may include thefollowing acts S12 and S14.

At act S12, reference values of pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block may be determined as the predicted values.

At act S14, combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block may be determined according to the scanningmanner parameter, and combinations of the reference values correspondingto the combinations of the samples may be determined as the predictedvalues.

That is, the decoding process may be, but not limited to the inverseprocess of the coding process. For example, in a process of determiningthe reconstructed values, the bitstream may be parsed to obtain thepredicted differences (there may be no predicted differences transmittedin the bitstream, and in this situation, the predicted differences areconsidered to be 0), and the reconstructed values may be equal to thesums of the predicted values and the predicted differences.

It should be noted that a destructive coding manner may be adopted inthe embodiment, so that the predicted differences may be, but notlimited to, directly acquired after being parsed from the bitstream, toensure accuracy of the reconstructed values.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, at thesame time when split scanning is performed on the decoding block, splitdecoding may be performed on the decoding block according to splitcontents, thereby further achieving the effect of improving thedecompression efficiency in the decoding process.

As an exemplary solution, the act of parsing the bitstream to acquirethe decoding parameter of the decoding block may include the followingact S1.

At act S1, the decoding parameter may be acquired from one or more dataunits in the bitstream. The data units may include at least one of: avideo parameter set, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set,a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a data unit where the decoding block islocated.

It should be noted that decoding may be configured in, but not limitedto, at least one of the following manners: configuration with a decoder,configuration according to a setting of a decoder optimization moduleand direct configuration in the decoder optimization module with a fixedprecoding manner. The decoder may adopt a method as follows: when asplit scanning manner of vertical splitting is used for an upperadjacent block and a vertical edge of the upper adjacent block isintersected with a lower boundary of the upper adjacent block, it may bedirectly deduced that the current block adopts the same split scanningmanner with the upper adjacent block, that is, a pre-decoding processfor the current decoding block is eliminated, so that decoding time maybe saved, and the decoding efficiency may be improved.

From the above descriptions about the implementation modes, thoseskilled in the art may clearly learn about that the method of theembodiment may be implemented in a manner of combining software and anecessary universal hardware platform, and of course, may also beimplemented through hardware, but the former one is a betterimplementation mode under many conditions. Based on such anunderstanding, the technical solutions of the present disclosuresubstantially or parts making contributions to the related technologymay be embodied in form of software product, and the computer softwareproduct is stored in a storage medium (such as a ROM/RAM, a magneticdisk and an optical disk), including a plurality of instructionsconfigured to enable a piece of terminal equipment (which may be amobile phone, a computer, a server, network equipment or the like) toexecute the method of each embodiment of the present disclosure.

Third Embodiment

The embodiment provides an image coding apparatus. The apparatus may beconfigured to implement the abovementioned embodiment and preferredimplementation modes, and what has been described will not beelaborated. For example, term “module”, used below, may be a combinationof software and/or hardware capable of realizing a preset function.Although the apparatus described in the following embodiment ispreferably implemented with software, implementation with hardware or acombination of the software and the hardware is also possible andconceivable.

The embodiment provides an image coding apparatus. FIG. 11 is aschematic diagram of an exemplary image coding apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, the apparatusincludes a first determination unit 1102, a second determination unit1104 and a coding unit 1106.

1) The first determination unit 1102 may be configured to determine ascanning manner parameter of a coding block. The scanning mannerparameter may include at least one of: a region indication parameterused for determining a scanning region of the coding block and ascanning indication parameter used for determining a scanning order ofpixels in a scanning region of the coding block.

2) The second determination unit 1104 may be configured to determinepredicted values of part or all of pixels in the coding block accordingto the scanning manner parameter.

3) The coding unit 1106 may be configured to code the coding blockaccording to the predicted values, and write a coding result into abitstream.

In an exemplary embodiment, the image coding apparatus may be appliedto, but not limited to, a video image coding process, and for example,may be applied to, but not limited to, a packed-format image coding orcomponent planar-format image coding process. In a process of coding avideo image, split scanning may be performed on a coding block to becoded according to an indication of a determined scanning mannerparameter, and the coding block may be written into a video bitstream.That is, the coding block may be split into K scanning regions forscanning according to a corresponding scanning order, so as to solve aproblem of lower efficiency caused by adoption of a fixed scanningmanner for row (or column) scanning and further achieve an effect ofimproving compression efficiency in the image coding process. In someembodiment, K may meet the following condition: 1<K<16. K=1 represents1-split, i.e. non-split or called as single-split. K>1 representsmulti-split, i.e. split scanning.

In the embodiment, the scanning manner parameter of the coding block maybe determined when the coding block to be coded is coded. The scanningmanner parameter may include at least one of: the region indicationparameter used for determining the scanning region of the coding blockand the scanning indication parameter used for determining the scanningorder of the pixels in the scanning region of the coding block. Thepredicted values of part or all of the pixels in the coding block may bedetermined according to the determined scanning manner parameter. Thecoding block may be coded according to the predicted values, and thecoding result may be written into the bitstream. That is, scanningcoding may be performed on the coding block by adopting a split scanningmanner, and the coding result may be written into the video bitstream.In the embodiment, the coding block may be partitioned into smallerscanning regions to achieve the effect of improving coding efficiency.

In the embodiment, it should be noted that “pixel sample”, “pixelvalue”, “sample”, “indexed pixel” and “pixel index” are synonyms, andwhether these terms represent a “pixel” or “a pixel component” or an“indexed pixel”, or represent any one of the three should be clear to askilled in the art based on the context. If this information cannot beclearly determined based on the context, any one of the three isrepresented.

In addition, the coding block may be a region formed by a plurality ofpixel values. A shape of the coding block may include, but not limitedto, at least one of the following shapes: a rectangle, a square, aparallelogram, a trapezoid, a polygon, a round, an ellipse or any othershape. Herein, the rectangle may also include a rectangle of which awidth or height is one pixel, that is, a rectangle which is degeneratedinto a line (i.e. a line segment or a line shape). In the embodiment, inone image, each coding block may have a different shape and size. Inaddition, in one image, some or all of coding blocks may have mutuallyoverlapped parts, or none of the coding blocks may be overlapped.Furthermore, one coding block may be formed by “pixels”, or by“components of the pixels”, or by “indexed pixels”, or by mixture of thethree, and may alternatively be formed by mixture of any two of thethree, which will not be limited in the embodiment. From the point ofvideo image coding, a coding block may refer to a region which is codedin an image, for example, including, but not limited to, at least oneof: an LCU, a CTU, a CU, a sub-region of the CU, a PU or a TU.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region may include at least one of: a horizontal Z-shapedscanning order, a vertical Z-shaped scanning order, a horizontal archedscanning order, a vertical arched scanning order, a raster scanningorder, a Zigzag scanning order, a saw-toothed scanning order, a diagonalZ-shaped scanning order and a diagonal arched scanning order.

In an exemplary embodiment, a scanning manner may include, but notlimited to, at least one of: 2-split, 4-split, 8-split and 16-split. Ina multi-split process, scanning orders of different scanning regions maybe the same, or may be different, which will not be limited in theembodiment.

For example, FIG. 3 shows four kinds of optional scanning indicated bythe scanning manner parameter: 1) horizontal Z-shaped 2-split scanningperformed on the coding block; 2) horizontal Z-shaped 4-split scanningperformed on the coding block; 3) vertical Z-shaped 2-split scanningperformed on the coding block; and 4) vertical Z-shaped 4-split scanningperformed on the coding block. For another example, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9show multiple kinds of optional scanning obtained by combining differentscanning manners and different scanning orders and indicated by thescanning manner parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block may be achieved in one of the followingmanners.

1) A characteristic parameter of pixel samples in the coding blockand/or pixel samples in an adjacent region of the coding block may beextracted. The scanning manner parameter of the coding block may bedetermined according to the characteristic parameter.

2) A scanning manner parameter capable of achieving optimal codingefficiency of the coding block in candidate scanning manner parametersof the coding block may be set as the scanning indication parameter ofthe coding block.

Optionally, in the manner 1) of the embodiment, a texturecharacteristic, but not limited thereto, of the pixel samples in thecoding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of thecoding block may be extracted, so as to implement determination of thescanning manner parameter according to the texture characteristic. Inthe embodiment, the characteristic parameter may include the texturecharacteristic. In the manner 2) of the embodiment, the candidatescanning manner parameters may represent, but not limited to, alloptional scanning manner parameters, and coding efficiency of thesescanning manner parameters in a coding process may be sequentiallycompared, so as to set the scanning manner parameter capable ofachieving the optimal coding efficiency as the final scanning mannerparameter of the image coding block. For example, maximum codingefficiency may be determined by virtue of an existing rate distortionoptimization method.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, a pixel may indicate aminimum display unit of an image, and there may be one (such asmonochromic grayscale image) or three (such as RGB and YUV) effectivesampling values, i.e. pixel samples, at one pixel position. In theembodiment, pixels may be used to describe positions, and pixel samplesmay be used to describe and process sampling values at pixel positions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include the following acts.

1) The region indication parameter in the scanning manner parameter maybe determined according to the texture characteristic to obtain thescanning region of the coding block. In the embodiment, the scanningregion of the coding block may include at least one of the followingconditions: the coding block may be determined as one scanning region,and the coding block may be partitioned into multiple scanning regions.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the coded scanning regionmay be determined by, but not limited to, judging whether a texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with aboundary of the coding block or not. For example, the coding block maybe partitioned into multiple scanning regions in a directionperpendicular to the boundary when the texture direction is intersectedwith the boundary of the coding block. Here, partitioning directions ofthe multiple scanning regions may alternatively be determined accordingto, but not limited to, the texture characteristic (i.e. texturedirection) of image content in the coding block, for example,partitioning directions of the multiple scanning regions may beconsistent with the texture direction.

2) The scanning indication parameter in the scanning manner parametermay be set according to a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic. The scanning indication parameter may indicate thescanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning order may include, but notlimited to, at least one of the following conditions:

(1) the texture direction may be set as the scanning order of the pixelsin the scanning region of the coding block; and

(2) correlation of the pixel samples in the scanning region of thecoding block may be acquired, the correlation of the pixel samples maybe compared, and the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning regionof the coding block may be determined according to a comparison result.

It should be noted that, in the manner 2) of the embodiment, thecorrelation may include, but not limited to, at least one of: rowcorrelation and column correlation. The scanning order may be set in,but not limited to, a manner of setting a scanning order indicated by amaximum correlation in the comparison result as the scanning order ofthe pixels in the scanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the predicted valuesof part or all of the pixels in the coding block may include thefollowing acts. Reference values of the pixel samples of part or all ofthe pixels in the coding block may be determined as the predictedvalues. Combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixelsin the coding block may be determined according to the scanning mannerparameter, and combinations of the reference values corresponding to thecombinations of the pixel samples may be determined as the predictedvalues.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of writing the coding result intothe bitstream may include writing the coding result and the scanningmanner parameter into one or more data units in the bitstream accordingto a predetermined format. The data units may include at least one of: avideo parameter set, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set,a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a data unit where the coding block islocated.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, coding the coding block mayrefer to performing compressed coding on original sampling values (alsocalled as pixel values in the embodiment) of the pixels in the codingblock, that is, the original sampling values (i.e. the pixel values) ofthe pixels in the coding block may be mapped (destructively) into aseries of parameters, and these parameters indicate a prediction methodadopted for the coding block, a construction method for the predictedvalues and predicted differences. In the embodiment of the presentdisclosure, since the split scanning manner may be adopted to performcoding scanning on the coding block, it may be suggested to codeinformation identifying the split scanning manner used for the codingblock, i.e. the scanning manner parameter, in the bitstream. Thereference values may also be called as reference samples.

That is, two-dimensional pixels in the coding block may be partitionedinto some columns of strings formed by the pixels continuously arrangedaccording to the scanning order according to the scanning mannerparameter, and these strings may be continuously arranged intotwo-dimensional pixel arrangement in the coding block according to thescanning order. Each string has its own matched string (i.e. predictedvalue), and the matched string of each string may be continuouslyarranged into the predicted values of the two-dimensional pixels in thecoding block according to the scanning order. The act of writing intothe bitstream may be implemented in the following manner. A referencenumerical value represented by an ordinary decimal numeral system may beconverted into a binary symbol string represented by bits 0 and 1, thebinary symbol string may be directly used as a bitstream, the binarysymbol string may alternatively be mapped into another new binary symbolstring by virtue of, for example, an arithmetic entropy coding method,and the new binary symbol string may be determined as the bitstream. Theembodiment has no limits for the specific manner adopted.

Descriptions will specifically be made in combination with the followingexample. A two-dimensional matrix in the coding block to be coded of theimage is as follows:

[ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP].

It should be noted that, if scanning is performed according to anexisting scanning manner, the two-dimensional matrix may be arrangedinto one-dimensional arrangement such as [ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP],[AEIMBFJNCGKODHLP], [ABCDHGFEIJKLPONM] and [AEIMNJFBCGKOPLHD]. That is,the existing fixed scanning manner may only perform the scanningaccording to the above four kinds of scanning arrangement.

While in the embodiment, the pixels which are freely continuouslyarranged may form strings according to a one-dimensional arrangementorder. Taking the one-dimensional arrangement is [ABCDHGFEIJKLPONM] asan example, the one-dimensional arrangement order may be partitionedinto four 4 strings and positions of the four strings in thetwo-dimensional matrix may be as follows: string 1 [AB] (bold), string 2[CDHGF] (underlined), string 3 [EIJK] (italic) and string 4 [LPONM] (ina normal format):

[AB CD E FGH IJKL MNOP].

In a practical matched string expression process, it is only needed tosequentially point out four pieces of expression information [matchingposition 1, matching length=2], [matching position 2, matchinglength=5], [matching position 3, matching length=4] and [matchingposition 4, matching length=5]. During conformal matching, for stringsmarked as different formats in the above matrix, their respectivepixels, of which the number is equal to the matching length, may beextracted starting from a matching position according to scanningmanners of the respective strings to form matched strings of therespective strings. According to the above example, split scanning maybe performed on contents in scanning regions in the coding blockcorresponding to different formats according to different scanningorders.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, when thecoding block to be coded in the image is coded, the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block may be determined according to thecharacteristic parameter extracted from the coding block. The scanningmanner parameter may include at least one of: the region indicationparameter used for indicating that the coding block is partitioned intoone or more scanning regions and the scanning indication parameter usedfor indicating the scanning order for scanning the coding block. Thecoding block in the image may be scanned according to the determinedscanning manner parameter, and the predicted values of part or all ofthe pixels in the coding block may be determined. Furthermore, thecoding block may be coded according to the predicted values, and thecoding result may be written into the bitstream. That is, scanningcoding may be performed on the coding block by adopting the splitscanning manner, and the coding result may be written into the videobitstream. In the embodiment, the coding block may be partitioned intosmaller scanning regions to achieve the effect of improving the codingefficiency and further solve a problem of lower efficiency caused byscanning only in the fixed manner in a coding technology.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination unit may include anextraction module and a first determination module.

1) The extraction module may be configured to extract a characteristicparameter of pixel samples in the coding block and/or pixel samples inan adjacent region of the coding block.

2) The first determination module may be configured to determine thescanning manner parameter of the coding block according to thecharacteristic parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the extraction module may include anextraction sub-module. The extraction sub-module may be configured toextract a texture characteristic of the pixel samples in the codingblock and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the codingblock, where the characteristic parameter may include the texturecharacteristic. The first determination module may include a firstdetermination sub-module. The first determination sub-module may beconfigured to determine the scanning manner parameter of the codingblock according to the texture characteristic.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the scanning mannerparameter of the coding block according to the texture characteristicmay include, but not limited to: determining partitioning, indicated bythe region indication parameter, of the coding block into one or morescanning regions and the scanning order, indicated by the scanningindication parameter, for scanning the coding block.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, atexture characteristic of image content of the coding block may beextracted, and an optimal scanning manner parameter may be determinedbased on a texture characteristic of the image, so that codingcompression efficiency of the coding block may be further improved.

As an exemplary solution, the extraction sub-module may extract thetexture characteristic of the pixel samples in the coding block and/orthe pixel samples in the adjacent region of the coding block by thefollowing acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, filtering processing may be performed on the pixel samples inthe coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of thecoding block.

At act S2, the texture characteristic may be extracted according to afiltering processing result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the extraction sub-module may be configuredto perform the filtering processing on the pixel samples in the codingblock and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the codingblock by the following act S12.

At act S12, edge detection filtering may be performed on the pixelsamples in the coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacentregion of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, the edge detection filtering serves as oneimplementation means, and the embodiment has no limits on theimplementation means for acquisition of the texture characteristic inthe embodiment. Therefore, whether to partition the coding block intoscanning regions or not may be determined according to edge information.Furthermore, the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region maybe determined according to the texture characteristic extracted from adetection result.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination sub-module may beconfigured to determine the scanning manner parameter of the codingblock according to the texture characteristic by the following act S1.

At act S1, the region indication parameter in the scanning mannerparameter may be determined according to the texture characteristic toobtain the scanning region of the coding block. In the embodiment, thescanning region of the coding block may include at least one of thefollowing conditions: the coding block may be determined as one scanningregion, and the coding block may be partitioned into multiple scanningregions.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the coded scanning regionmay be determined by, but not limited to, judging whether the texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic is intersected withthe boundary of the coding block or not. For example, the coding blockmay be partitioned into multiple scanning regions in the directionperpendicular to the boundary when the texture direction is intersectedwith the boundary of the coding block. Here, the partitioning directionsof the multiple scanning regions may alternatively be determinedaccording to, but not limited to, the texture characteristic (i.e.texture direction) of the image content in the coding block, forexample, the multiple scanning regions may be consistent with thetexture direction.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, theregion indication parameter in the scanning manner parameter may bedetermined to implement split scanning of the coding block according tothe texture characteristic, thereby ensuring that split scanning may besimultaneously performed on different scanning regions in a process ofperforming scanning coding on the coding block and achieve the effect ofimproving the coding efficiency.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination sub-module may beconfigured to determine the region indication parameter in the scanningmanner parameter according to the texture characteristic to obtain thescanning region of the coding block by the following acts S1 to S3.

At act S1, whether a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic is intersected with a boundary of the coding block or notmay be judged.

At act S2, when the texture direction is intersected with the boundaryof the coding block, the coding block may be partitioned into multiplescanning regions in a horizontal or vertical direction by taking aposition of an intersection of the texture direction and the boundary ofthe coding block as an origin; and

At act S3, when the texture direction is not intersected with theboundary of the coding block, the coding block may be determined as onescanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of partitioning the coding blockinto the multiple scanning regions in the horizontal or verticaldirection by taking the position of the intersection of the texturedirection and the boundary of the coding block as the origin may includeone of the following acts S22 and S24.

At act S22, when the texture direction is intersected with a horizontalboundary of the coding block, the coding block may be partitioned intomultiple scanning regions in the vertical direction perpendicular to thehorizontal boundary by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the coding block as an origin.

At act S24, when the texture direction is intersected with a verticalboundary of the coding block, the coding block may be partitioned intomultiple scanning regions in the horizontal direction perpendicular tothe vertical boundary by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the coding block as an origin.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, for simplifying operations,split scanning may be performed on the coding block in, but not limitedto, the horizontal or vertical direction. In addition, in theembodiment, the multiple scanning regions may also be determinedaccording to, but not limited to, a practical texture direction of theimage content in the coding block. That is, multiple parallel scanningregions may be partitioned in a direction consistent with the texturedirection.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning region may be determined based on the judgment about whetherthe texture direction indicated by the texture characteristic isintersected with the boundary of the coding block or not. Not only mayconvenience for operation be ensured, but also the compressionefficiency of the coding block may be further ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination sub-module may beconfigured to determine the scanning manner parameter of the codingblock according to the texture characteristic by the following act S1.

At act S1, the scanning indication parameter in the scanning mannerparameter may be set according to a texture direction indicated by thetexture characteristic. The scanning indication parameter may indicatethe scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of the codingblock.

In an exemplary embodiment, during multi-split scanning, differentscanning regions may, but not limited to, adopt the same scanning order,and may alternatively adopt different mixed scanning orders. Forexample, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 are schematic diagrams of multiple kinds ofmixed scanning obtained by combining different scanning manners anddifferent scanning orders.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning order of the pixels in the one or more scanning regions in thecoding block may be set according to the texture direction, so that thescanning coding operations may be further simplified, and the codingefficiency may be ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination module may include anacquisition sub-module, a comparison sub-module and a seconddetermination sub-module.

1) The acquisition sub-module may be configured to acquire correlationof the pixel samples in the scanning region of the coding block. Thecorrelation may include at least one of: row correlation and columncorrelation.

2) The comparison sub-module may be configured to compare thecorrelation of the pixel samples.

3) The second determination sub-module may be configured to determinethe scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of the codingblock according to a comparison result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the comparison sub-module may be configuredto determine the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region ofthe coding block according to the comparison result by the following actS1.

At act S1, a scanning order indicated by a maximum correlation in thecomparison result may be set as the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region.

It should be noted that the scanning order of the pixels in the scanningregion may be determined according to, but not limited to, the maximumcorrelation in the row correlation and/or column correlation of thepixels in the scanning region. Here, the embodiment has no limits on anacquisition manner for the correlation in the embodiment.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure,corresponding scanning order may be set for the scanning region, therebyimplementing adoption of diversified scanning orders for the codingblock to ensure maximization of the coding efficiency.

As an exemplary solution, the second determination unit may include asecond determination module and a third determination module.

1) The second determination module may be configured to determinereference values of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixels inthe coding block, and determine the reference values as the predictedvalues.

2) The third determination module may be configured to determinecombinations of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in thecoding block according to the scanning manner parameter, and determinecombinations of the reference values corresponding to the combinationsof the pixel samples as the predicted values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the combinations of the pixel samples mayinclude, but not limited to, multiple combinations, formed by differentscanning regions, of the pixel samples. The reference values may also becalled as reference samples.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, coding the coding block mayrefer to performing compressed coding on the original sampling values(also called as the pixel values in the embodiment) of the pixels in thecoding block, that is, the original sampling values (i.e. the pixelvalues) of the pixels in the coding block may be mapped (destructively)into a series of parameters, and these parameters indicate theprediction method adopted for the coding block, the construction methodfor the predicted values and the predicted differences. In theembodiment of the present disclosure, since the split scanning mannermay be adopted to perform coding scanning on the coding block, it may besuggested to code the information identifying the split scanning mannerused for the coding block, i.e. the scanning manner parameter, in thebitstream.

That is, the two-dimensional pixels in the coding block may bepartitioned into some columns of strings formed by the pixelscontinuously arranged according to the scanning order according to thescanning manner parameter, and these strings may be continuouslyarranged into the two-dimensional pixel arrangement in the coding blockaccording to the scanning order. Each string has its own matched string(i.e. predicted value), and the matched string of each string may becontinuously arranged into the predicted values of the two-dimensionalpixels in the coding block according to the scanning order. The act ofwriting into the bitstream may be implemented in the following manner. Areference numerical value represented by an ordinary decimal numeralsystem may be converted into a binary symbol string represented by bits0 and 1, the binary symbol string may be directly used as a bitstream,the binary symbol string may alternatively be mapped into another newbinary symbol string by virtue of, for example, an arithmetic entropycoding method, and the new binary symbol string may be determined as thebitstream. The embodiment has no limits for the specific manner adopted.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, at thesame time when split scanning is performed on the coding block, splitcoding may be performed on the coding block according to split contents,thereby further achieving the effect of improving the compressionefficiency in the coding process.

As an exemplary solution, the coding unit may include a coding module.

1) The coding module may be configured to write the coding result andthe scanning manner parameter into one or more data units in thebitstream according to a predetermined format. The data units mayinclude at least one of: a video parameter set, a sequence parameterset, a picture parameter set, a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a dataunit where the coding block is located.

It should be noted that coding may be configured in, but not limited to,at least one of the following manners: configuration with a coder,configuration according to a setting of a coder optimization module anddirect configuration in the coder optimization module with a fixedprecoding manner. The coder may adopt a method as follows. When a splitscanning manner of vertical splitting is used for an upper adjacentblock and a vertical edge of the upper adjacent block is intersectedwith a lower boundary of the upper adjacent block, it may be directlydeduced that the current block adopts the same split scanning mannerwith the upper adjacent block, that is, a precoding process for thecurrent coding block is eliminated, so that coding time may be saved,and the coding efficiency may be improved.

It should be noted that each module may be implemented through softwareor hardware, and under the latter condition, may be implemented in, butnot limited to, the following manner. The modules may be positioned inthe same processor, or the modules may be positioned in multipleprocessors respectively.

Fourth Embodiment

The embodiment provides an image decoding apparatus. The apparatus maybe configured to implement the abovementioned embodiment and preferredimplementation modes, and what has been described will not beelaborated. For example, term “module”, used below, may be a combinationof software and/or hardware capable of realizing a preset function.Although the apparatus described in the following embodiment ispreferably implemented with software, implementation with hardware or acombination of the software and the hardware is also possible andconceivable.

The embodiment provides an image decoding apparatus. FIG. 12 is aschematic diagram of an exemplary image decoding apparatus according toan embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, theapparatus may include a first acquisition unit 1202, a secondacquisition unit 1204 and a determination unit 1206.

1) The first acquisition unit 1202 may be configured to parse abitstream to acquire a decoding parameter of a decoding block.

2) The second acquisition unit 1204 may be configured to acquire ascanning manner parameter according to the decoding parameter. Thescanning manner parameter may include: a region indication parameterused for determining a scanning region of the decoding block, and/or ascanning indication parameter used for determining a scanning order ofpixels in a scanning region.

3) The determination unit 1206 may be configured to determinereconstructed values of part or all of pixels in the decoding blockaccording to the region indication parameter and/or the scanningindication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the image decoding apparatus may be appliedto, but not limited to, a video image decoding process, and for example,may be applied to, but not limited to, a packed-format image decoding orcomponent planar-format image decoding process. In a process of decodinga video image, split scanning may be performed on a decoding block to bedecoded according to an indication of a determined scanning mannerparameter. That is, the decoding block may be split into K scanningregions for scanning according to a corresponding scanning order, so asto solve a problem of lower efficiency caused by adoption of a fixedscanning manner for row (or column) scanning and further achieve aneffect of improving decompression efficiency in the image decodingprocess. In some embodiment, K may meet the following condition: 1<K<16.K=1 represents 1-split, i.e. non-split or called as single-split. K>1represents multi-split, i.e. split scanning.

It should be noted that, when the decoding block to be decoded isdecoded in the embodiment, the bitstream may be parsed to acquire thedecoding parameter of the decoding block to be decoded, and the scanningmanner parameter of the decoding block may be determined according tothe decoding parameter. The scanning manner parameter may include theregion indication parameter used for determining the scanning region ofthe decoding block and/or the scanning indication parameter used fordetermining the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region. Thereconstructed values of part or all of the pixels in the decoding blockmay be determined according to the scanning manner parameter and/or thescanning indication parameter. That is, scanning coding may be performedon the decoding block by adopting a split scanning manner, therebypartitioning the decoding block into smaller scanning regions to achievethe effect of improving decoding efficiency.

In the embodiment, it should be noted that “pixel sample”, “pixelvalue”, “sample”, “indexed pixel” and “pixel index” are synonyms, andwhether these terms represent a “pixel” or “a pixel component” or an“indexed pixel”, or represent any one of the three should be clear to askilled in the art based on the context. If this information cannot beclearly determined based on the context, any one of the three isrepresented.

In addition, the decoding block may be a region formed by a plurality ofpixel values. A shape of the decoding block may include, but not limitedto, at least one of the following shapes: a rectangle, a square, aparallelogram, a trapezoid, a polygon, a round, an ellipse or any othershape. Herein, the rectangle may also include a rectangle of which awidth or height is one pixel, that is, a rectangle which is degeneratedinto a line (i.e. a line segment or a line shape). In the embodiment, inone image, each decoding block may have a different shape and size. Inaddition, in one image, some or all of decoding blocks may have mutuallyoverlapped parts, or none of the decoding blocks may be overlapped.Furthermore, a decoding block may be formed by “pixels”, or by“components of the pixels”, or by “indexed pixels”, or by mixture of thethree, and may alternatively be formed by mixture of any two of thethree, which will not be limited in the embodiment. From the point ofvideo image decoding, a decoding block may refer to a region which isdecoded in an image, for example, including, but not limited to, atleast one of: an LCU, a CTU, a decoding unit, a sub-region of thedecoding unit, a PU or a TU.

In an exemplary embodiment, the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region may include at least one of: a horizontal Z-shapedscanning order, a vertical Z-shaped scanning order, a horizontal archedscanning order, a vertical arched scanning order, a raster scanningorder, a Zigzag scanning order, a saw-toothed scanning order, a diagonalZ-shaped scanning order and a diagonal arched scanning order.

In an exemplary embodiment, a scanning manner may include, but notlimited to, at least one of: 2-split, 4-split, 8-split and 16-split. Ina multi-split process, scanning orders of different scanning regions maybe the same, or may be different, which will not be limited in theembodiment.

For example, FIG. 3 shows four kinds of optional scanning indicated bythe scanning manner parameter: 1) horizontal Z-shaped 2-split scanningis performed on the decoding block; 2) horizontal Z-shaped 4-splitscanning is performed on the decoding block; 3) vertical Z-shaped2-split scanning is performed on the decoding block; and 4) verticalZ-shaped 4-split scanning is performed on the decoding block. Foranother example, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 show multiple kinds of optionalscanning obtained by combining different scanning manners and differentscanning orders and indicated by the scanning manner parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, a manner of acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter may include at least oneof:

1) acquiring the region indication parameter and/or scanning indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter from the decoding parameter;

2) extracting a characteristic parameter of pixel samples in an adjacentregion of the decoding block, where the characteristic parameterincludes a texture characteristic, and determining the scanning mannerparameter of the decoding block according to the texture characteristic;and

3) acquiring a mode indication parameter used for indicating a codingmode according to the decoding parameter, and acquiring the scanningmanner parameter from the mode indication parameter.

It should be noted that a manner of, after the bitstream is parsed toacquire the decoding parameter directly coded in the bitstream, the actof acquiring the scanning manner parameter according to the decodingparameter may include at least one of: (1) parsing the bitstream todirectly obtain the region indication parameter and/or scanningindication parameter in the scanning manner parameter; (2) obtaining theregion indication parameter and/or scanning indication parameter in thescanning manner parameter in a deduction manner according to thecharacteristic parameter of the pixel samples in the adjacent region ofthe decoding block; and (3) adopting a “fixed binding” form for thescanning manner and some coding modes, namely acquiring the modeindication parameter used for indicating the coding mode according tothe decoding parameter, and when a mode marker is parsed from the modeindication parameter, using a region indication parameter and/orscanning indication parameter preset for the mode.

In addition, in the embodiment, a pixel may indicate a minimum displayunit of an image, and there may be one (such as monochromic grayscaleimage) or three (such as RGB and YUV) effective sampling values, i.e.pixel samples, at one pixel position. In the embodiment, pixels may beused to describe positions, and pixel samples may be used to describeand process sampling values at pixel positions.

Furthermore, in the manner 2), the decoded scanning region may bedetermined by, but not limited to, judging whether a texture directionindicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with a boundaryof the decoding block or not. For example, the decoding block may bepartitioned into multiple scanning regions in a direction perpendicularto the boundary when the texture direction is intersected with theboundary of the coding block.

In an exemplary embodiment, a manner of determining the reconstructedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block according tothe region indication parameter and/or the scanning indication parametermay include one of the following acts.

1) Predicted values of part or all of the pixels in the decoding blockmay be acquired, and the predicted values may be determined as thereconstructed values.

2) Predicted values and corresponding predicted difference values ofpart or all of the pixels in the decoding block may be acquired, and sumvalues or difference values between the predicted values and thepredicted difference values may be determined as the reconstructedvalues.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of determining the predicted valuesof part or all of the pixels in the decoding block may include thefollowing acts. Reference values of the pixel samples of part or all ofthe pixels in the decoding block may be determined as the predictedvalues. Combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixelsin the decoding block may be determined according to the scanning mannerparameter, and combinations of the reference values corresponding to thecombinations of the pixel samples may be determined as the predictedvalues.

In an exemplary embodiment, the act of parsing the bitstream to acquirethe decoding parameter of the decoding block may include an act ofacquiring the decoding parameter from one or more data units in thebitstream. The data units may include at least one of: a video parameterset, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, a slice header,a CTU, a CU and a data unit where the decoding block is located.

Descriptions will specifically be made in combination with the followingexample. For a bitstream obtained by coding a coding block adoptingstring matching coding, a decoding block may be partitioned intodifferent scanning regions in a decoding process, and split scanningcorresponding to a coding process may be used for each scanning region.For example, if elements in a two-dimensional matrix are arranged into aone-dimensional vector in the coding process according to an indicationof the scanning manner parameter, the decoding process may be consideredas an inverse process of coding, that is, elements in a one-dimensionalvector may be arranged into a two-dimensional matrix. A read-writeaddress control method may be adopted for practical code implementation.For example, two-dimensional pixels are as follows:

[ABCD EFGH IJKL MNOP].

Then, the two-dimensional pixels may be converted into one-dimensionalarrangement [ABCDHGFEIJKLPONM] according to “arched 4-split scanning”indicated by the scanning manner parameter corresponding to the scanningmanner parameter used for the coding process. A pseudo code forimplementation may be as follows:

int position[4][4]={0, 1, 2, 3 7, 6, 5, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 14, 13,12}; for (h=0; h<4; h++) for (w=0; w<4; w++)1D_array[position[h][w]]=2D_array[h][w].

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thebitstream may be parsed to acquire the decoding parameter of thedecoding block, and the scanning manner parameter may be acquiredaccording to the decoding parameter. The scanning manner parameter mayinclude the region indication parameter used for determining thescanning region of the decoding block and/or the scanning indicationparameter used for determining the scanning order of the pixels in thescanning region. The reconstructed values of part or all of the pixelsin the decoding block may be determined according to the regionindication parameter and/or the scanning indication parameter. That is,scanning decoding may be performed on the decoding block by adopting thesplit scanning manner, thereby partitioning the decoding block intosmaller scanning regions to achieve the effect of improving the decodingefficiency and further solve a problem of lower efficiency caused byscanning only in the fixed manner in a decoding technology.

As an exemplary solution, the second acquisition unit may include afirst acquisition module.

1) The first acquisition module may be configured to acquire the regionindication parameter and/or scanning indication parameter in thescanning manner parameter from the decoding parameter to obtain thescanning region of the decoding block. The scanning region of thedecoding block may include at least one of the following conditions: thedecoding block is determined as one scanning region, and the decodingblock is partitioned into multiple scanning regions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the decoding block may be determined as asingle-split scanning region, and the decoding block may alternativelybe partitioned into multi-split scanning regions.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the decoded scanning regionmay be determined by, but not limited to, judging whether the texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic in the characteristicparameter of the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the decodingblock is intersected with the boundary of the decoding block or not. Forexample, the decoding block may be partitioned into multiple scanningregions in the direction perpendicular to the boundary when the texturedirection is intersected with the boundary of the decoding block. Here,the partitioning directions of the multiple scanning regions mayalternatively be determined according to, but not limited to, thetexture characteristic (i.e. texture direction) of image content in thedecoding block, for example, the multiple scanning regions may beconsistent with the texture direction.

In an exemplary embodiment, the decoding scanning order in the decodingprocess may be a preset scanning order, and may also be the scanningorder indicated by the scanning manner parameter. The embodiment has nolimits for the specific manner adopted.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, splitscanning may be performed on the decoding block according to the texturecharacteristic, thereby ensuring that split scanning may besimultaneously performed on different scanning regions in a process ofperforming scanning decoding on the decoding block and achieve theeffect of improving the decoding efficiency. In addition, correspondingscanning order may be set for the scanning region, thereby implementingadoption of diversified scanning orders for the decoding block to ensuremaximization of the decoding efficiency.

As an exemplary solution, the second acquisition unit may include anextraction module and a first determination module.

1) The extraction module may be configured to extract a characteristicparameter of pixel samples in an adjacent region of the decoding block.In the embodiment, the characteristic parameter may include a texturecharacteristic.

2) The first determination module may be configured to determine thescanning manner parameter of the decoding block according to the texturecharacteristic.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, atexture characteristic of the image content of the coding block may beextracted, and an optimal scanning manner parameter may be determinedbased on a texture characteristic of the image, so that decodingdecompression efficiency of the decoding block is further improved.

As an exemplary solution, the extraction module may include a filteringsub-module and an extraction sub-module.

1) The filtering sub-module may be configured to perform filteringprocessing on reconstructed values of decoded pixels in the adjacentregion of the decoding block.

2) The extraction sub-module may be configured to extract the texturecharacteristic according to a filtering processing result.

In an exemplary embodiment, the filtering sub-module may be configuredto perform the filtering processing on the reconstructed values of thedecoded pixels in the adjacent region of the decoding block by thefollowing act S1.

S1, edge detection filtering may be performed on the reconstructedvalues of the decoded pixels in the adjacent region of the decodingblock.

In an exemplary embodiment, the edge detection filtering serves as oneimplementation means, and the embodiment has no limits on theimplementation means for acquisition of the texture characteristic inthe embodiment. Therefore, whether to partition the decoding block intoscanning regions or not may be determined according to edge information.Furthermore, the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region maybe determined according to the texture characteristic extracted from adetection result.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination module may include ajudgment sub-module, a first partitioning sub-module and a secondpartitioning sub-module.

1) The judgment sub-module may be configured to judge whether a texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic is intersected with aboundary of the decoding block or not.

2) The first partitioning sub-module may be configured to, when thetexture direction is intersected with the boundary of the decodingblock, partition the decoding block into multiple scanning regions in ahorizontal or vertical direction by taking a position of an intersectionof the texture direction and the boundary of the coding block as anorigin.

3) The second partitioning sub-module may be configured to, when thetexture direction is not intersected with the boundary of the decodingblock, determine the decoding block as one scanning region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first partitioning sub-module may beconfigured to partition the decoding block into the multiple scanningregions in the horizontal or vertical direction by taking the positionof the intersection of the texture direction and the boundary of thedecoding block as the origin by one of the following acts S1 and S2.

At act S1, when the texture direction is intersected with a horizontalboundary of the decoding block, the decoding block may be partitionedinto multiple scanning regions in the vertical direction perpendicularto the horizontal boundary by taking a position of an intersection ofthe texture direction and the boundary of the decoding block as anorigin.

At act S2, when the texture direction is intersected with a verticalboundary of the decoding block, the decoding block may be partitionedinto multiple scanning regions in the horizontal direction perpendicularto the vertical boundary by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the decoding block as an origin.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, for simplifying operations,split scanning may be performed on the decoding block in, but notlimited to, the horizontal or vertical direction. In addition, in theembodiment, the multiple scanning regions may also be determinedaccording to, but not limited to, a practical texture direction of theimage content in the decoding block. That is, multiple parallel scanningregions may be partitioned in a direction consistent with the texturedirection.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning region may be determined based on the judgment about whetherthe texture direction indicated by the texture characteristic isintersected with the boundary of the decoding block or not. Not only mayconvenience for operation be ensured, but also the decompressionefficiency of the decoding block is further ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the first determination module may include asetting sub-module.

1) The setting sub-module may be configured to set the scanning order ofthe pixels in the scanning region of the decoding block according to atexture direction indicated by the texture characteristic.

In an exemplary embodiment, during multi-split scanning, differentscanning regions may, but not limited to, adopt the same scanning order,and may alternatively adopt different mixed scanning orders. Forexample, FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 are schematic diagrams of multiple kinds ofmixed scanning obtained by combining different scanning manners anddifferent scanning orders.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, thescanning order of the pixels in the one or more scanning regions in thedecoding block is set according to the texture direction, so that thescanning decoding operations may be further simplified, and the decodingefficiency may be ensured.

As an exemplary solution, the second acquisition unit may include asecond acquisition module and a third acquisition module.

1) The second acquisition module may be configured to acquire a modeindication parameter used for indicating a coding mode according to thedecoding parameter.

2) The third acquisition module may be configured to acquire thescanning manner parameter from the mode indication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, a “fixed binding” form may be adopted forthe scanning manner and some coding modes, that is, the mode indicationparameter used for indicating the coding mode may be acquired accordingto the decoding parameter, and the mode marker may be parsed from themode indication parameter by using the region indication parameterand/or scanning indication parameter preset for the mode.

As an exemplary solution, the determination unit may include a fourthacquisition module or a fifth acquisition module.

1) The fourth acquisition module may be configured to acquire predictedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block, and determinethe predicted values as the reconstructed values.

2) The fifth acquisition module may be configured to acquire predictedvalues and corresponding predicted difference values of part or all ofthe pixels in the decoding block, and determine sum values or differencevalues between the predicted values and the predicted difference valuesas the reconstructed values.

In an exemplary embodiment, the combinations of the pixel samples mayinclude, but not limited to, multiple combinations, formed by differentscanning regions, of the pixel samples. The reference values may also becalled as reference samples.

In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth acquisition module may include afirst determination sub-module and a second determination sub-module.

(1) The first determination sub-module may be configured to determinereference values of pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in thedecoding block, and determine the reference values as the predictedvalues.

(2) The second determination sub-module may be configured to determinecombinations of the pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in thedecoding block according to the scanning manner parameter, and determinecombinations of the reference values corresponding to the combinationsof the samples as the predicted values.

That is, the decoding process may be, but not limited to the inverseprocess of the coding process. For example, in a process of determiningthe reconstructed values, the bitstream may be parsed to obtain thepredicted differences (there may be no predicted differences transmittedin the bitstream, and in this situation, the predicted differences areconsidered to be 0), and the reconstructed values may be equal to thesums of the predicted values and the predicted differences.

It should be noted that a destructive coding manner may be adopted inthe embodiment, so that the predicted differences may be, but notlimited to, directly acquired after being parsed from the bitstream, toensure accuracy of the reconstructed values.

According to the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, at thesame time when split scanning is performed on the decoding block, splitdecoding may be performed on the decoding block according to splitcontents, thereby further achieving the effect of improving thedecompression efficiency in the decoding process.

As an exemplary solution, the first acquisition unit may include adecoding module.

1) The decoding module may be configured to acquire the decodingparameter from one or more data units in the bitstream. The data unitsmay include at least one of: a video parameter set, a sequence parameterset, a picture parameter set, a slice header, a CTU, a CU and a dataunit where the decoding block is located.

It should be noted that decoding may be configured in, but not limitedto, at least one of the following manners: configuration with a decoder,configuration according to a setting of a decoder optimization moduleand direct configuration in the decoder optimization module with a fixedprecoding manner. The decoder may adopt a method as follows. When asplit scanning manner of vertical splitting is used for an upperadjacent block and a vertical edge of the upper adjacent block isintersected with a lower boundary of the upper adjacent block, it may bedirectly deduced that the current block adopts the same split scanningmanner with the upper adjacent block, that is, a pre-decoding processfor the current decoding block is eliminated, so that decoding time maybe saved, and the decoding efficiency may be improved.

It should be noted that each module may be implemented through softwareor hardware, and under the latter condition, may be implemented in, butnot limited to, the following manner. The modules may be positioned inthe same processor, or the modules may be positioned in multipleprocessors respectively.

Fifth Embodiment

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a storage medium. Inan exemplary embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to storeprogram codes configured to execute the following acts S1 to S3.

At act S1, a scanning manner parameter of a coding block may bedetermined. The scanning manner parameter may include at least one of: aregion indication parameter used for determining a scanning region ofthe coding block and a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region of thecoding block.

At act S2, predicted values of part or all of pixels in the coding blockmay be determined according to the scanning manner parameter.

At act S3, the coding block may be coded according to the predictedvalues, and a coding result may be written into a bitstream.

The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a storage medium. Inan exemplary embodiment, the storage medium may be configured to storeprogram codes configured to execute the following acts S1 to S3.

At act S1, a bitstream may be parsed to acquire a decoding parameter ofa decoding block.

At act S2, a scanning manner parameter may be acquired according to thedecoding parameter. The scanning manner parameter may include: a regionindication parameter used for determining a scanning region of thedecoding block, and/or a scanning indication parameter used fordetermining a scanning order of pixels in a scanning region.

At act S3, reconstructed values of part or all of pixels in the decodingblock may be determined according to the region indication parameterand/or the scanning indication parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the storage medium may include, but notlimited to: various media capable of storing program codes such as a Udisk, a ROM, a RAM, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an opticaldisk.

In an exemplary embodiment, specific examples in the embodiment mayrefer to examples described in the abovementioned embodiments andoptional implementation modes, and will not be elaborated in theembodiment.

Obviously, those skilled in the art should know that each module or eachstep of the present disclosure may be implemented by a universalcomputing apparatus, and the modules or acts may be concentrated on asingle computing apparatus or distributed on a network formed bymultiple computing devices, and may optionally be implemented by programcodes executable for the computing devices, so that the modules or actsmay be stored in a storage device for execution with the computingdevices, the shown or described acts may be executed in sequencesdifferent from those shown or described here in some circumstances, ormay form each integrated circuit module respectively, or multiplemodules or acts therein may form a single integrated circuit module forimplementation. As a consequence, the present disclosure is not limitedto any specific hardware and software combination.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure andnot intended to limit the present disclosure. For those skilled in theart, the present disclosure may have various modifications andvariations. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements andthe like made within the principle of the present disclosure shall fallwithin the scope of protection defined by the appended claims of thepresent disclosure.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

In an image coding and/or decoding process of the embodiments of thepresent disclosure, scanning coding/decoding may be performed on thecoding/decoding block by adopting a split scanning manner, therebypartitioning the coding/decoding block into smaller scanning regions toachieve an effect of improving coding compression efficiency anddecoding decompression efficiency and further solve a problem of lowerefficiency caused by scanning only in a fixed manner in a codingtechnology.

What is claimed is:
 1. An image coding method, comprising: determining ascanning manner parameter of a coding block, wherein the scanning mannerparameter comprises: a region indication parameter used for indicatingthe coding block is partitioned into multiple scanning regions and ascanning indication parameter used for determining a scanning order ofpixels in a scanning region of the multiple scanning regions of thecoding block, wherein the scanning order, indicated by the scanningindication parameter, of the pixels in the scanning region of themultiple scanning regions of the coding block comprises a horizontalZ-shaped scanning order; determining predicted values of part or all ofpixels in the coding block according to the scanning manner parameter;and coding the coding block according to the predicted values, andwriting a coding result into a bitstream.
 2. The method as claimed inclaim 1, wherein determining predicted values of part or all of pixelsin the coding block according to the scanning manner parameter, andcoding the coding block according to the predicted values, comprises:performing scanning coding on the coding block by adopting a splitscanning manner indicated by the scanning manner parameter to obtain thecoding result.
 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the regionindication parameter indicates that the coding block is partitioned into2 scanning regions, the split scanning manner indicated by the scanningmanner parameter is 2-split; the performing scanning coding on thecoding block by adopting a split scanning manner indicated by thescanning manner parameter, comprises: performing horizontal Z-shaped2-split scanning on the coding block to obtain the coding result.
 4. Themethod as claimed in claim 2, wherein the region indication parameterindicates that the coding block is partitioned into 4 scanning regions,the split scanning manner indicated by the scanning manner parameter is4-split; the performing scanning coding on the coding block by adoptinga split scanning manner indicated by the scanning manner parameter,comprises: performing horizontal Z-shaped 4-split scanning on the codingblock to obtain the coding result.
 5. The method as claimed in claim 1,wherein determining the scanning manner parameter of the coding blockcomprises: extracting a characteristic parameter of pixel samples in thecoding block and/or pixel samples in an adjacent region of the codingblock; and determining the scanning manner parameter of the coding blockaccording to the characteristic parameter; wherein extracting thecharacteristic parameter of the pixel samples in the coding block and/orthe pixel samples in the adjacent region of the coding block comprises:extracting a texture characteristic of the pixel samples in the codingblock and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of the codingblock, wherein the characteristic parameter comprises the texturecharacteristic; and determining the scanning manner parameter of thecoding block according to the characteristic parameter comprises:determining the scanning manner parameter of the coding block accordingto the texture characteristic; wherein extracting the texturecharacteristic of the pixel samples in the coding block and/or the pixelsamples in the adjacent region of the coding block comprises: performingfiltering processing on the pixel samples in the coding block and/or thepixel samples in the adjacent region of the coding block; and extractingthe texture characteristic according to a filtering processing result;wherein performing the filtering processing on the pixel samples in thecoding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacent region of thecoding block comprises: performing edge detection filtering on the pixelsamples in the coding block and/or the pixel samples in the adjacentregion of the coding block.
 6. The method as claimed in claim 5, whereindetermining the scanning manner parameter of the coding block accordingto the texture characteristic comprises: determining the regionindication parameter in the scanning manner parameter according to thetexture characteristic to obtain the multiple scanning regions of thecoding block, wherein determining the region indication parameter in thescanning manner parameter according to the texture characteristic toobtain the multiple scanning regions of the coding block comprises:judging whether a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic is intersected with a boundary of the coding block ornot; when the texture direction is intersected with the boundary of thecoding block, partitioning the coding block into multiple scanningregions in a horizontal or vertical direction by taking a position of anintersection of the texture direction and the boundary of the codingblock as an origin, wherein partitioning the coding block into themultiple scanning regions in the horizontal or vertical direction bytaking the position of the intersection of the texture direction and theboundary of the coding block as the origin comprises: when the texturedirection is intersected with a horizontal boundary of the coding block,partitioning the coding block into multiple scanning regions in thevertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal boundary by taking aposition of an intersection of the texture direction and the boundary ofthe coding block as an origin; or when the texture direction isintersected with a vertical boundary of the coding block, partitioningthe coding block into multiple scanning regions in the horizontaldirection perpendicular to the vertical boundary by taking a position ofan intersection of the texture direction and the boundary of the codingblock as an origin.
 7. The method as claimed in claim 5, whereindetermining the scanning manner parameter of the coding block accordingto the texture characteristic comprises: setting the scanning indicationparameter in the scanning manner parameter according to a texturedirection indicated by the texture characteristic, wherein the scanningindication parameter indicates the scanning order of the pixels in thethe scanning region of the multiple scanning regions of the codingblock.
 8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein determining thescanning manner parameter of the coding block according to thecharacteristic parameter comprises: acquiring correlation of the pixelsamples in the scanning region of the coding block, wherein thecorrelation comprises at least one of: row correlation and columncorrelation; comparing the correlation of the pixel samples; anddetermining the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region ofthe coding block according to a comparison result, wherein determiningthe scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of the codingblock according to the comparison result comprises: setting a scanningorder indicated by a maximum correlation in the comparison result as thescanning order of the pixels in the scanning region.
 9. The method asclaimed in claim 1, wherein determining the predicted values of part orall of the pixels in the coding block according to the scanning mannerparameter comprises: determining reference values of the pixel samplesof part or all of the pixels in the coding block, and determining thereference values as the predicted values; and determining combinationsof the pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in the coding blockaccording to the scanning manner parameter, and determining combinationsof the reference values corresponding to the combinations of the pixelsamples as the predicted values.
 10. An image decoding method,comprising: parsing a bitstream to acquire a decoding parameter of adecoding block; acquiring a scanning manner parameter according to thedecoding parameter, wherein the scanning manner parameter comprises: aregion indication parameter used for indicating the decoding block ispartitioned into multiple scanning regions, and a scanning indicationparameter used for determining a scanning order of pixels in a scanningregion of the multiple scanning regions of the decoding block, whereinthe scanning order, indicated by the scanning indication parameter, ofthe pixels in the scanning region of the multiple scanning regions ofthe decoding block comprises a horizontal Z-shaped scanning order; anddetermining reconstructed values of part or all of pixels in thedecoding block according to the region indication parameter and thescanning indication parameter.
 11. The method as claimed in claim 10,wherein determining reconstructed values of part or all of pixels in thedecoding block according to the region indication parameter and thescanning indication parameter, comprises: performing scanning decodingon the decoding block by adopting a split scanning manner indicated bythe scanning manner parameter to determine the reconstructed values ofpart or all of pixels in the decoding block.
 12. The method as claimedin claim 11, wherein the region indication parameter indicates that thedecoding block is partitioned into 2 scanning regions, the splitscanning manner indicated by the scanning manner parameter is 2-split;the performing scanning decoding on the decoding block by adopting asplit scanning manner indicated by the scanning manner parameter,comprises: performing horizontal Z-shaped 2-split scanning on thedecoding block.
 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein theregion indication parameter indicates that the decoding block ispartitioned into 4 scanning regions, the split scanning manner indicatedby the scanning manner parameter is 4-split; the performing scanningdecoding on the decoding block by adopting a split scanning mannerindicated by the scanning manner parameter, comprises: performinghorizontal Z-shaped 4-split scanning on the decoding block.
 14. Themethod as claimed in claim 10, wherein acquiring the scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter comprises: acquiring theregion indication parameter and scanning indication parameter in thescanning manner parameter from the decoding parameter to obtain themultiple scanning regions of the decoding block.
 15. The method asclaimed in claim 10, wherein acquiring the scanning manner parameteraccording to the decoding parameter comprises: extracting acharacteristic parameter of pixel samples in an adjacent region of thedecoding block, wherein the characteristic parameter comprises a texturecharacteristic; and determining the scanning manner parameter of thedecoding block according to the texture characteristic; whereinextracting the characteristic parameter of the adjacent region of thedecoding block comprises: performing filtering processing onreconstructed values of decoded pixels in the adjacent region of thedecoding block, wherein performing the filtering processing on thereconstructed values of the decoded pixels in the adjacent region of thedecoding block comprises: performing edge detection filtering on thereconstructed values of the decoded pixels in the adjacent region of thedecoding block; and extracting the texture characteristic according to afiltering processing result.
 16. The method as claimed in claim 15,wherein determining the scanning manner parameter of the decoding blockaccording to the texture characteristic comprises: judging whether atexture direction indicated by the texture characteristic is intersectedwith a boundary of the decoding block or not; when the texture directionis intersected with the boundary of the decoding block, partitioning thedecoding block into multiple scanning regions in a horizontal orvertical direction by taking a position of an intersection of thetexture direction and the boundary of the coding block as an origin; or,setting the scanning order of the pixels in the scanning region of thedecoding block according to a texture direction indicated by the texturecharacteristic.
 17. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein acquiringthe scanning manner parameter according to the decoding parametercomprises: acquiring a mode indication parameter used for indicating acoding mode according to the decoding parameter; and acquiring thescanning manner parameter from the mode indication parameter.
 18. Themethod as claimed in claim 10, wherein determining the reconstructedvalues of part or all of the pixels in the decoding block according tothe region indication parameter and the scanning indication parametercomprises: acquiring predicted values of part or all of the pixels inthe decoding block, and determining the predicted values as thereconstructed values; or acquiring predicted values and correspondingpredicted difference values of part or all of the pixels in the decodingblock, and determining sum values or difference values between thepredicted values and the predicted difference values as thereconstructed values; wherein acquiring the predicted values of part orall of the pixels in the decoding block comprises: determining referencevalues of pixel samples of part or all of the pixels in the decodingblock, and determining the reference values as the predicted values; anddetermining combinations of the pixel samples of part or all of thepixels in the decoding block according to the scanning manner parameter,and determining combinations of the reference values corresponding tothe combinations of the samples as the predicted values.
 19. An imagecoding apparatus, comprising a hardware processor arranged to executeprogram units comprising: a first determination unit, configured todetermine a scanning manner parameter of a coding block, wherein thescanning manner parameter comprises: a region indication parameter usedfor indicating the coding block is partitioned into multiple scanningregions and a scanning indication parameter used for determining ascanning order of pixels in a scanning region of the multiple scanningregions of the coding block, wherein the scanning order, indicated bythe scanning indication parameter, of the pixels in the scanning regionof the multiple scanning regions of the coding block comprises ahorizontal Z-shaped scanning order; a second determination unit,configured to determine predicted values of part or all of pixels in thecoding block according to the scanning manner parameter; and a codingunit, configured to code the coding block according to the predictedvalues, and write a coding result into a bitstream.
 20. An imagedecoding apparatus, comprising a hardware processor arranged to executeprogram units comprising: a first acquisition unit, configured to parsea bitstream to acquire a decoding parameter of a decoding block; asecond acquisition unit, configured to acquire a scanning mannerparameter according to the decoding parameter, wherein the scanningmanner parameter comprises: a region indication parameter used forindicating the decoding block is partitioned into multiple scanningregions, and a scanning indication parameter used for determining ascanning order of pixels in a scanning region of the multiple scanningregions of the decoding block, wherein the scanning order, indicated bythe scanning indication parameter, of the pixels in the scanning regionof the multiple scanning regions of the decoding block comprises ahorizontal Z-shaped scanning order; and a determination unit, configuredto determine reconstructed values of part or all of pixels in thedecoding block according to the region indication parameter and thescanning indication parameter.